Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments
The addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. Wh...
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| author | Nidambur Vasudev Ballal Anja Ivica Pamela Meneses Raj Kumar Narkedamalli Thomas Attin Matthias Zehnder |
| author_facet | Nidambur Vasudev Ballal Anja Ivica Pamela Meneses Raj Kumar Narkedamalli Thomas Attin Matthias Zehnder |
| author_sort | Nidambur Vasudev Ballal |
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| description | The addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. While the short-term compatibility between NaOCl and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) has been shown, it remains unclear whether ultrasonic activation of a combined NaOCl & HEDP solution immediately reduces the available chlorine and/or renders the NaOCl ineffective in dissolving organic tissue remnants. This was tested in three experiments: (1) direct activation in test tubes in an ultrasonic bath and then the activation by an ultrasonically oscillating tip (IrriSafe) in (2) an epoxy resin model containing a simulated isthmus filled with gelatin, and (3) extracted teeth with simulated resorption cavities filled with soft tissue. The control solutions were physiological saline and 2.5% NaOCl without HEDP. In (1), available chlorine after 30 s of ultrasonic activation (37 kHz) of test and control solution was assessed, as well as shrimp tissue weight loss in direct exposure. In (2) and (3), the ultrasonic tip was driven at 1/3 of full power using the respective unit, and areas of removed gelatin from the isthmus and tissue weight loss were used as the outcomes, respectively. Experiment (1) revealed no negative impact by HEDP on available chlorine (1), while all three experiments showed a highly significant (<i>p</i> > 0.001) synergistic effect, which was not hampered by HEDP, between NaOCl and ultrasonic activation regarding tissue weight loss (1, 3) and dissolution of gelatin (2). |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ad8d150807374b0486c9fc8d001fb4ca2023-11-21T19:31:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-011410253110.3390/ma14102531Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic EnvironmentsNidambur Vasudev Ballal0Anja Ivica1Pamela Meneses2Raj Kumar Narkedamalli3Thomas Attin4Matthias Zehnder5Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaClinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaClinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, SwitzerlandThe addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. While the short-term compatibility between NaOCl and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) has been shown, it remains unclear whether ultrasonic activation of a combined NaOCl & HEDP solution immediately reduces the available chlorine and/or renders the NaOCl ineffective in dissolving organic tissue remnants. This was tested in three experiments: (1) direct activation in test tubes in an ultrasonic bath and then the activation by an ultrasonically oscillating tip (IrriSafe) in (2) an epoxy resin model containing a simulated isthmus filled with gelatin, and (3) extracted teeth with simulated resorption cavities filled with soft tissue. The control solutions were physiological saline and 2.5% NaOCl without HEDP. In (1), available chlorine after 30 s of ultrasonic activation (37 kHz) of test and control solution was assessed, as well as shrimp tissue weight loss in direct exposure. In (2) and (3), the ultrasonic tip was driven at 1/3 of full power using the respective unit, and areas of removed gelatin from the isthmus and tissue weight loss were used as the outcomes, respectively. Experiment (1) revealed no negative impact by HEDP on available chlorine (1), while all three experiments showed a highly significant (<i>p</i> > 0.001) synergistic effect, which was not hampered by HEDP, between NaOCl and ultrasonic activation regarding tissue weight loss (1, 3) and dissolution of gelatin (2).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/10/2531sodium hypochloriteroot canalcontinuous chelationHEBPsonochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Nidambur Vasudev Ballal Anja Ivica Pamela Meneses Raj Kumar Narkedamalli Thomas Attin Matthias Zehnder Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments Materials sodium hypochlorite root canal continuous chelation HEBP sonochemistry |
| title | Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments |
| title_full | Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments |
| title_fullStr | Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments |
| title_short | Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments |
| title_sort | influence of 1 hydroxyethylidene 1 1 diphosphonic acid on the soft tissue dissolving and gelatinolytic effect of ultrasonically activated sodium hypochlorite in simulated endodontic environments |
| topic | sodium hypochlorite root canal continuous chelation HEBP sonochemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/10/2531 |
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