Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems
Land use has a greater impact on trace element (TE) concentration present in soils. In mountainous regions of the western Himalayas, some dominating geogenic and human-dependent anthropogenic factors are involved in the spatial distribution of TEs in various land uses. Soil samples were collected fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/10/1894 |
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| author | Farid Ul Haque Faridullah Faridullah Muhammad Irshad Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha Zahid Ullah Muhammad Fawad Farhan Hafeez Akhtar Iqbal Rashid Nazir Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mikhlid H. Almutairi |
| author_facet | Farid Ul Haque Faridullah Faridullah Muhammad Irshad Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha Zahid Ullah Muhammad Fawad Farhan Hafeez Akhtar Iqbal Rashid Nazir Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mikhlid H. Almutairi |
| author_sort | Farid Ul Haque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Land use has a greater impact on trace element (TE) concentration present in soils. In mountainous regions of the western Himalayas, some dominating geogenic and human-dependent anthropogenic factors are involved in the spatial distribution of TEs in various land uses. Soil samples were collected from permafrost, pasture, forest, and agricultural land-use systems of Babusar Valley and Fairy Meadows in Diamer districts and the Rama region in Astore Districts in replications for investigation of three TEs, i.e., copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). These samples were analyzed for exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate precipitated, and residual forms. Significant differences among these TEs were observed. Differences in the levels of TEs within soil samples were observed to be influenced by land usage patterns. The physicochemical properties of soil samples were also investigated. Additionally, the total metals (Ni, Zn, Cu) were extracted and their concentrations were measured in all samples. The concentration of soil TEs was observed in the following order: adsorbed < organically bound < exchangeable < residual < carbonate precipitated form across all the land uses. The results indicate that the contents of TEs (Ni, Zn, Cu) in agricultural soils were greater than in the permafrost pasture and forest soil samples. The total TE concentration varied as Zn > Ni > Cu irrespective of the area and land uses. We believe this work will open avenues for researchers to explore TEs in various regions of the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:08:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad90b3b93a544f63bef1b04b50fffb54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:08:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad90b3b93a544f63bef1b04b50fffb542023-11-19T17:04:06ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2023-10-011210189410.3390/land12101894Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use SystemsFarid Ul Haque0Faridullah Faridullah1Muhammad Irshad2Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha3Zahid Ullah4Muhammad Fawad5Farhan Hafeez6Akhtar Iqbal7Rashid Nazir8Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei9Mikhlid H. Almutairi10Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaLand use has a greater impact on trace element (TE) concentration present in soils. In mountainous regions of the western Himalayas, some dominating geogenic and human-dependent anthropogenic factors are involved in the spatial distribution of TEs in various land uses. Soil samples were collected from permafrost, pasture, forest, and agricultural land-use systems of Babusar Valley and Fairy Meadows in Diamer districts and the Rama region in Astore Districts in replications for investigation of three TEs, i.e., copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). These samples were analyzed for exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate precipitated, and residual forms. Significant differences among these TEs were observed. Differences in the levels of TEs within soil samples were observed to be influenced by land usage patterns. The physicochemical properties of soil samples were also investigated. Additionally, the total metals (Ni, Zn, Cu) were extracted and their concentrations were measured in all samples. The concentration of soil TEs was observed in the following order: adsorbed < organically bound < exchangeable < residual < carbonate precipitated form across all the land uses. The results indicate that the contents of TEs (Ni, Zn, Cu) in agricultural soils were greater than in the permafrost pasture and forest soil samples. The total TE concentration varied as Zn > Ni > Cu irrespective of the area and land uses. We believe this work will open avenues for researchers to explore TEs in various regions of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/10/1894trace elementspermafrost soilspasture soilsforest soilsagricultural soils |
| spellingShingle | Farid Ul Haque Faridullah Faridullah Muhammad Irshad Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha Zahid Ullah Muhammad Fawad Farhan Hafeez Akhtar Iqbal Rashid Nazir Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mikhlid H. Almutairi Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems Land trace elements permafrost soils pasture soils forest soils agricultural soils |
| title | Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems |
| title_full | Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems |
| title_short | Distribution and Speciation of Trace Elements in Soils of Four Land-Use Systems |
| title_sort | distribution and speciation of trace elements in soils of four land use systems |
| topic | trace elements permafrost soils pasture soils forest soils agricultural soils |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/10/1894 |
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