Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite
Polyurethane (PUR) composites were modified with 2 wt.% of lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite (K) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The impact of lavender fillers on selected properties of PUR composites, such as rheological properties (dynamic viscosity, foaming behavior), mechanical properties...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/2/415 |
| _version_ | 1797411044529799168 |
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| author | Sylwia Członka Agnė Kairytė Karolina Miedzińska Anna Strąkowska |
| author_facet | Sylwia Członka Agnė Kairytė Karolina Miedzińska Anna Strąkowska |
| author_sort | Sylwia Członka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyurethane (PUR) composites were modified with 2 wt.% of lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite (K) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The impact of lavender fillers on selected properties of PUR composites, such as rheological properties (dynamic viscosity, foaming behavior), mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength), insulation properties (thermal conductivity), thermal characteristic (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame retardancy (e.g., ignition time, limiting oxygen index, heat peak release) and performance properties (water uptake, contact angle) was investigated. Among all modified types of PUR composites, the greatest improvement was observed for PUR composites filled with lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite and hydroxyapatite. For example, on the addition of functionalized lavender fillers, the compressive strength was enhanced by ~16–18%, flexural strength by ~9–12%, and impact strength by ~7%. Due to the functionalization of lavender filler with thermally stable flame retardant compounds, such modified PUR composites were characterized by higher temperatures of thermal decomposition. Most importantly, PUR composites filled with flame retardant compounds exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics—in both cases, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~50%, while the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~30%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad93586fbac24f618835009a521a002b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:39:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad93586fbac24f618835009a521a002b2023-12-03T13:24:01ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-01-0114241510.3390/ma14020415Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and HydroxyapatiteSylwia Członka0Agnė Kairytė1Karolina Miedzińska2Anna Strąkowska3Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, PolandLaboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenu st. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, LithuaniaInstitute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, PolandPolyurethane (PUR) composites were modified with 2 wt.% of lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite (K) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The impact of lavender fillers on selected properties of PUR composites, such as rheological properties (dynamic viscosity, foaming behavior), mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength), insulation properties (thermal conductivity), thermal characteristic (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame retardancy (e.g., ignition time, limiting oxygen index, heat peak release) and performance properties (water uptake, contact angle) was investigated. Among all modified types of PUR composites, the greatest improvement was observed for PUR composites filled with lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite and hydroxyapatite. For example, on the addition of functionalized lavender fillers, the compressive strength was enhanced by ~16–18%, flexural strength by ~9–12%, and impact strength by ~7%. Due to the functionalization of lavender filler with thermally stable flame retardant compounds, such modified PUR composites were characterized by higher temperatures of thermal decomposition. Most importantly, PUR composites filled with flame retardant compounds exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics—in both cases, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~50%, while the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~30%.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/2/415polyurethane compositeslavenderkaolinitehydroxyapatitehigh-ball milling processthermal conductivity |
| spellingShingle | Sylwia Członka Agnė Kairytė Karolina Miedzińska Anna Strąkowska Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite Materials polyurethane composites lavender kaolinite hydroxyapatite high-ball milling process thermal conductivity |
| title | Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite |
| title_full | Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite |
| title_fullStr | Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite |
| title_short | Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite |
| title_sort | polyurethane hybrid composites reinforced with lavender residue functionalized with kaolinite and hydroxyapatite |
| topic | polyurethane composites lavender kaolinite hydroxyapatite high-ball milling process thermal conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/2/415 |
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