Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing
<i>Bacillus cereus</i> is isolated from a variety of foods where it may cause food spoilage and/or food poisoning due to its toxigenic and pathogenic nature. In this study, we identified members of <i>B. cereus</i> groups in 65% of the ice cream samples analyzed, which were c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/16/2480 |
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| author | Rosa Fraccalvieri Angelica Bianco Laura Maria Difato Loredana Capozzi Laura Del Sambro Domenico Simone Roberta Catanzariti Marta Caruso Domenico Galante Giovanni Normanno Lucia Palazzo Maria Tempesta Antonio Parisi |
| author_facet | Rosa Fraccalvieri Angelica Bianco Laura Maria Difato Loredana Capozzi Laura Del Sambro Domenico Simone Roberta Catanzariti Marta Caruso Domenico Galante Giovanni Normanno Lucia Palazzo Maria Tempesta Antonio Parisi |
| author_sort | Rosa Fraccalvieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Bacillus cereus</i> is isolated from a variety of foods where it may cause food spoilage and/or food poisoning due to its toxigenic and pathogenic nature. In this study, we identified members of <i>B. cereus</i> groups in 65% of the ice cream samples analyzed, which were characterized based on multi locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The MLVA revealed that 36 strains showed different allelic profiles. Analyses of WGS data enabled the identification of three members of the <i>B. cereus</i> group: <i>B. cereus</i> sensu stricto, <i>B. mosaicus</i> and <i>B. thuringiensis</i>. Based on the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, the strains were classified in 27 sequence types (STs), including ST26 that causes food poisoning. Toxin genes’ detection revealed the presence of the genes encoding nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE), hemolysin BL (HBL), cytotoxin K (cytK) and cereulide (ces) in 100%, 44%, 42% and 8% of the strains, respectively. The identification of eleven antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes predicted the resistance to five different antimicrobials, and the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was confirmed with a phenotypic antimicrobial test. Taken together, the results showed that the <i>B. cereus</i> strains isolated from ice cream were a potential hazard for consumer safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:26:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:26:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad9a754dc3d246ab8e54c419e2d7cf912023-12-03T13:40:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-08-011116248010.3390/foods11162480Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome SequencingRosa Fraccalvieri0Angelica Bianco1Laura Maria Difato2Loredana Capozzi3Laura Del Sambro4Domenico Simone5Roberta Catanzariti6Marta Caruso7Domenico Galante8Giovanni Normanno9Lucia Palazzo10Maria Tempesta11Antonio Parisi12Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Science of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZS PB), Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy<i>Bacillus cereus</i> is isolated from a variety of foods where it may cause food spoilage and/or food poisoning due to its toxigenic and pathogenic nature. In this study, we identified members of <i>B. cereus</i> groups in 65% of the ice cream samples analyzed, which were characterized based on multi locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The MLVA revealed that 36 strains showed different allelic profiles. Analyses of WGS data enabled the identification of three members of the <i>B. cereus</i> group: <i>B. cereus</i> sensu stricto, <i>B. mosaicus</i> and <i>B. thuringiensis</i>. Based on the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, the strains were classified in 27 sequence types (STs), including ST26 that causes food poisoning. Toxin genes’ detection revealed the presence of the genes encoding nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE), hemolysin BL (HBL), cytotoxin K (cytK) and cereulide (ces) in 100%, 44%, 42% and 8% of the strains, respectively. The identification of eleven antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes predicted the resistance to five different antimicrobials, and the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was confirmed with a phenotypic antimicrobial test. Taken together, the results showed that the <i>B. cereus</i> strains isolated from ice cream were a potential hazard for consumer safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/16/2480<i>Bacillus cereus</i> groupice creamcereulide toxinheat-labile enterotoxinswhole genome sequencing (WGS)antimicrobial resistance (AMR) |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Fraccalvieri Angelica Bianco Laura Maria Difato Loredana Capozzi Laura Del Sambro Domenico Simone Roberta Catanzariti Marta Caruso Domenico Galante Giovanni Normanno Lucia Palazzo Maria Tempesta Antonio Parisi Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing Foods <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group ice cream cereulide toxin heat-labile enterotoxins whole genome sequencing (WGS) antimicrobial resistance (AMR) |
| title | Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing |
| title_full | Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing |
| title_short | Toxigenic Genes, Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Isolated from Ice Cream and Characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing |
| title_sort | toxigenic genes pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance of i bacillus cereus i group isolated from ice cream and characterized by whole genome sequencing |
| topic | <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group ice cream cereulide toxin heat-labile enterotoxins whole genome sequencing (WGS) antimicrobial resistance (AMR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/16/2480 |
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