Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water
Adequate energy intake is essential for the healthy development of children, and the estimated energy requirement of children is determined by total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy deposition for growth. A previous study in Japanese tweens indicated that TDEE could be estimated by fat-fre...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1223 |
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| author | Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Aya Itoi Makoto Nishimura Kaori Fujisawa Yasuki Higaki Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki |
| author_facet | Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Aya Itoi Makoto Nishimura Kaori Fujisawa Yasuki Higaki Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki |
| author_sort | Yosuke Yamada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adequate energy intake is essential for the healthy development of children, and the estimated energy requirement of children is determined by total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy deposition for growth. A previous study in Japanese tweens indicated that TDEE could be estimated by fat-free mass (FFM) and step count. The aims of this study were to measure TDEE in Japanese preschool children and to confirm whether TDEE can be estimated by FFM and step count in preschool children. Twenty-one children aged 4–6 years old (11 girls and 10 boys; age, 5.1 (0.9) years; height, 107.2 (6.6) cm; weight, 17.5 (1.7) kg; BMI, 15.3 (1.3); mean (SD)) participated in this study. FFM and 7-day TDEE were obtained by doubly labeled water (DLW). Participants wore accelerometers during the DLW measurement period. No significant differences were observed in age-adjusted height, weight, BMI, FFM (13.0 (1.5) kg), or TDEE (1300 (174) kcal/day) between girls and boys. Girls had significantly higher percent fat and a lower daily step count than boys. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that FFM and step count were significant predictors of TDEE; TDEE (kcal/day) = 85.0 × FFM (kg) + 0.0135 × step count (steps/day). This accounted for 74% of TDEE variance. The current study confirmed that FFM and step count are major determinants of TDEE in Japanese preschool children as well as adolescents, although further research is needed to obtain precise equations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:13:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad9b5639e4954acfa2bb661c22197748 |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:13:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad9b5639e4954acfa2bb661c221977482023-11-19T22:47:13ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-04-01125122310.3390/nu12051223Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled WaterYosuke Yamada0Hiroyuki Sagayama1Aya Itoi2Makoto Nishimura3Kaori Fujisawa4Yasuki Higaki5Misaka Kimura6Yoshiko Aoki7National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, JapanFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanNational Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, JapanFaculty of Education, Bukkyo University, Kyoto 603-8301, JapanKyoto Compulsory Education School Attached to Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto 603-8163, JapanFukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity and Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, JapanInstitute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 621-8555, JapanFaculty of Education, Bukkyo University, Kyoto 603-8301, JapanAdequate energy intake is essential for the healthy development of children, and the estimated energy requirement of children is determined by total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy deposition for growth. A previous study in Japanese tweens indicated that TDEE could be estimated by fat-free mass (FFM) and step count. The aims of this study were to measure TDEE in Japanese preschool children and to confirm whether TDEE can be estimated by FFM and step count in preschool children. Twenty-one children aged 4–6 years old (11 girls and 10 boys; age, 5.1 (0.9) years; height, 107.2 (6.6) cm; weight, 17.5 (1.7) kg; BMI, 15.3 (1.3); mean (SD)) participated in this study. FFM and 7-day TDEE were obtained by doubly labeled water (DLW). Participants wore accelerometers during the DLW measurement period. No significant differences were observed in age-adjusted height, weight, BMI, FFM (13.0 (1.5) kg), or TDEE (1300 (174) kcal/day) between girls and boys. Girls had significantly higher percent fat and a lower daily step count than boys. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that FFM and step count were significant predictors of TDEE; TDEE (kcal/day) = 85.0 × FFM (kg) + 0.0135 × step count (steps/day). This accounted for 74% of TDEE variance. The current study confirmed that FFM and step count are major determinants of TDEE in Japanese preschool children as well as adolescents, although further research is needed to obtain precise equations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1223doubly labeled watertotal energy expenditurephysical activity levelaccelerometerpedometerfat-free mass |
| spellingShingle | Yosuke Yamada Hiroyuki Sagayama Aya Itoi Makoto Nishimura Kaori Fujisawa Yasuki Higaki Misaka Kimura Yoshiko Aoki Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water Nutrients doubly labeled water total energy expenditure physical activity level accelerometer pedometer fat-free mass |
| title | Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water |
| title_full | Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water |
| title_fullStr | Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water |
| title_short | Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water |
| title_sort | total energy expenditure body composition physical activity and step count in japanese preschool children a study based on doubly labeled water |
| topic | doubly labeled water total energy expenditure physical activity level accelerometer pedometer fat-free mass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1223 |
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