Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome
The regulation of the female reproductive system is one of the most relevant actions of thyroid hormones. Adequate thyroid hormones production is essential for normal menstrual function and fertility as well as for the successful maintenance of pregnancy. The relationship between reproductive failur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.768363/full |
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| author | Ines Bucci Ines Bucci Cesidio Giuliani Cesidio Giuliani Giulia Di Dalmazi Giulia Di Dalmazi Gloria Formoso Gloria Formoso Giorgio Napolitano Giorgio Napolitano |
| author_facet | Ines Bucci Ines Bucci Cesidio Giuliani Cesidio Giuliani Giulia Di Dalmazi Giulia Di Dalmazi Gloria Formoso Gloria Formoso Giorgio Napolitano Giorgio Napolitano |
| author_sort | Ines Bucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The regulation of the female reproductive system is one of the most relevant actions of thyroid hormones. Adequate thyroid hormones production is essential for normal menstrual function and fertility as well as for the successful maintenance of pregnancy. The relationship between reproductive failure and thyroid disorders is particularly relevant and attracts attention worldwide. Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), defined by the presence of circulating antithyroid antibodies targeting thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb), is prevalent among women of reproductive age and is the most frequent cause of thyroid dysfunction. Several studies addressed the association between TAI, thyroid function, and fertility as well as pregnancy outcome after spontaneous or assisted conception. Infertility, miscarriages, and fetal-maternal complications are described in overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. More debatable is the role of mild thyroid dysfunction, mainly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and TAI in the absence of thyroid dysfunction in infertility and reproductive outcome. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become an integral element of care for infertility. Women with TAI undergoing ART are of particular interest since they carry a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism after the ovarian stimulation but whether TAI, in absence of thyroid dysfunction, adversely affects ART outcome is still controversial. Likewise, the role of levothyroxine (LT4) in improving fertility and the success of ART in euthyroid women with TAI is unclear. This review discusses the role of TAI, in the absence of thyroid dysfunction, in infertility and in ART outcome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:18:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ada1f0bf962045d6b7ee3a440417e5ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:18:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ada1f0bf962045d6b7ee3a440417e5ab2022-12-22T00:14:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-05-011310.3389/fendo.2022.768363768363Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology OutcomeInes Bucci0Ines Bucci1Cesidio Giuliani2Cesidio Giuliani3Giulia Di Dalmazi4Giulia Di Dalmazi5Gloria Formoso6Gloria Formoso7Giorgio Napolitano8Giorgio Napolitano9Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, ItalyThe regulation of the female reproductive system is one of the most relevant actions of thyroid hormones. Adequate thyroid hormones production is essential for normal menstrual function and fertility as well as for the successful maintenance of pregnancy. The relationship between reproductive failure and thyroid disorders is particularly relevant and attracts attention worldwide. Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), defined by the presence of circulating antithyroid antibodies targeting thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb), is prevalent among women of reproductive age and is the most frequent cause of thyroid dysfunction. Several studies addressed the association between TAI, thyroid function, and fertility as well as pregnancy outcome after spontaneous or assisted conception. Infertility, miscarriages, and fetal-maternal complications are described in overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. More debatable is the role of mild thyroid dysfunction, mainly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and TAI in the absence of thyroid dysfunction in infertility and reproductive outcome. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become an integral element of care for infertility. Women with TAI undergoing ART are of particular interest since they carry a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism after the ovarian stimulation but whether TAI, in absence of thyroid dysfunction, adversely affects ART outcome is still controversial. Likewise, the role of levothyroxine (LT4) in improving fertility and the success of ART in euthyroid women with TAI is unclear. This review discusses the role of TAI, in the absence of thyroid dysfunction, in infertility and in ART outcome.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.768363/fullthyroid autoimmunityfemale infertilityassisted conceptionassisted reproduction technologypregnancy outcomemiscarriage |
| spellingShingle | Ines Bucci Ines Bucci Cesidio Giuliani Cesidio Giuliani Giulia Di Dalmazi Giulia Di Dalmazi Gloria Formoso Gloria Formoso Giorgio Napolitano Giorgio Napolitano Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome Frontiers in Endocrinology thyroid autoimmunity female infertility assisted conception assisted reproduction technology pregnancy outcome miscarriage |
| title | Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome |
| title_full | Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome |
| title_short | Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome |
| title_sort | thyroid autoimmunity in female infertility and assisted reproductive technology outcome |
| topic | thyroid autoimmunity female infertility assisted conception assisted reproduction technology pregnancy outcome miscarriage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.768363/full |
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