| Summary: | One promising research trend involves evaluating the influence of microbiota in the reproductive system of women on becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The goal of this study was to define the microflora profile of the endometrium and uterine cervix in women qualified for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, which is expected to contribute to increasing the percentage of successful IVF implantations. Based on the conducted molecular analysis in the collected swabs, 22 bacterial strains were identified. Eleven strains (57%) that were isolated belong to the physiological microflora, the most common strain of which was Lactobacillus. Eight of the isolated strains (33%) were pathological microflora, among which the most common bacteria were from the Enterobacteriaceae family (which includes <i>E. coli</i>, Shigella, and Salmonella). Finally, three of the bacterial strains (10%) may be a component of both physiological or pathological microflora of the vagina: <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> group, and <i>Alloscardovia omnicolens</i>. The presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> was detected in six women, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> also in six patients, <i>Atopobium parvulum</i> in three, <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> group in three, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in four, and <i>Aerococcus christensenii</i> in two patients. We found statistically significant relationships (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> groups, <i>Lactobacillus FN667084_s</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> groups, as well as <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>. Based on the conducted study, it may be confirmed that the endometrium is, to a large extent, colonized by lactic acid bacilli. Apart from that, endometrial dysbiosis was not noted in patients qualified for the IVF procedure.
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