Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses
Vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) are among the identified solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of the transport sector. The model developed here simulates the VIPV system. It considers various usage patterns and vehicle types, several characteristics of the photovoltaic system and al...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8373 |
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| author | Fathia Karoui Bertrand Chambion Fabrice Claudon Benjamin Commault |
| author_facet | Fathia Karoui Bertrand Chambion Fabrice Claudon Benjamin Commault |
| author_sort | Fathia Karoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) are among the identified solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of the transport sector. The model developed here simulates the VIPV system. It considers various usage patterns and vehicle types, several characteristics of the photovoltaic system and all the losses that may decrease energy yield. Focusing on a passenger car, simulations indicate the order of influence of the parameters on the outputs of the model: geographic locality, shading, thresholds due to extra-consumption needed to charge the vehicle’s battery from the photovoltaic (PV) system and occurrence of recharge with the grid. With technology projections for 2030, with 30% shading, VIPV will cover a distance of up to 1444 km per year. This represents up to 12% of the driven mileage. For the best month, it can reach up to 14 km/day. For average Europe and realistic conditions, VIPV cover 648 km per year. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a solarized passenger car shows a negative balance for a low-carbon electricity mix and average solar irradiance. In favorable conditions, the carbon footprint is up to 489 kg of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent avoided emissions on a 13-year lifespan. Beyond the focus on km and LCA, VIPV may provide useful functions in non-interconnected zones and for resilience in disaster areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adb41d42127c401faa51c578a997451c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-adb41d42127c401faa51c578a997451c2023-11-18T18:12:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011314837310.3390/app13148373Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture LossesFathia Karoui0Bertrand Chambion1Fabrice Claudon2Benjamin Commault3Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, INES, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, FranceUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, INES, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, FranceUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, INES, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, FranceUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, INES, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, FranceVehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) are among the identified solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of the transport sector. The model developed here simulates the VIPV system. It considers various usage patterns and vehicle types, several characteristics of the photovoltaic system and all the losses that may decrease energy yield. Focusing on a passenger car, simulations indicate the order of influence of the parameters on the outputs of the model: geographic locality, shading, thresholds due to extra-consumption needed to charge the vehicle’s battery from the photovoltaic (PV) system and occurrence of recharge with the grid. With technology projections for 2030, with 30% shading, VIPV will cover a distance of up to 1444 km per year. This represents up to 12% of the driven mileage. For the best month, it can reach up to 14 km/day. For average Europe and realistic conditions, VIPV cover 648 km per year. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a solarized passenger car shows a negative balance for a low-carbon electricity mix and average solar irradiance. In favorable conditions, the carbon footprint is up to 489 kg of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent avoided emissions on a 13-year lifespan. Beyond the focus on km and LCA, VIPV may provide useful functions in non-interconnected zones and for resilience in disaster areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8373VIPVpassenger carlife cycle assessmentmileageelectrical architecturemodel |
| spellingShingle | Fathia Karoui Bertrand Chambion Fabrice Claudon Benjamin Commault Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses Applied Sciences VIPV passenger car life cycle assessment mileage electrical architecture model |
| title | Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses |
| title_full | Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses |
| title_short | Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses |
| title_sort | integrated photovoltaics potential for passenger cars a focus on the sensitivity to electrical architecture losses |
| topic | VIPV passenger car life cycle assessment mileage electrical architecture model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8373 |
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