Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil
Oxazolidinones are one of the most important antimicrobials potentially active against glycopeptide- and β-lactam-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Linezolid—the first oxazolidinone to be approved for clinical use in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration—and the newer molecule in the class, t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00518/full |
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| author | Lara M. Almeida Lara M. Almeida Anthony Gaca Paulo M. Bispo François Lebreton Jose T. Saavedra Rafael A. Silva Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior Felipe M. Zorzi Pedro H. Filsner Andrea M. Moreno Michael S. Gilmore |
| author_facet | Lara M. Almeida Lara M. Almeida Anthony Gaca Paulo M. Bispo François Lebreton Jose T. Saavedra Rafael A. Silva Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior Felipe M. Zorzi Pedro H. Filsner Andrea M. Moreno Michael S. Gilmore |
| author_sort | Lara M. Almeida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxazolidinones are one of the most important antimicrobials potentially active against glycopeptide- and β-lactam-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Linezolid—the first oxazolidinone to be approved for clinical use in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration—and the newer molecule in the class, tedizolid, inhibit protein synthesis by suppressing the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex in bacteria. Over the past two decades, transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, in particular cfr and optrA, have been identified in Firmicutes isolated from healthcare-related infections, livestock, and the environment. Our goals in this study were to investigate the genetic contexts and the transferability of the cfr and optrA genes and examine genomic features, such as antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility types, and CRISPR-Cas defenses of a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated in feces from a healthy pig during an antimicrobial surveillance program for animal production in Brazil. The cfr gene was found to be integrated into a transposon-like structure of 7,759 nt flanked by IS1216E and capable of excising and circularizing, distinguishing it from known genetic contexts for cfr in Enterococcus spp., while optrA was inserted into an Inc18 broad host-range plasmid of >58 kb. Conjugal transfer of cfr and optrA was shown by filter mating. The coexistence of cfr and optrA in an E. faecalis isolated from a healthy nursery pig highlights the need for monitoring the use of antibiotics in the Brazilian swine production system for controlling spread and proliferation of antibiotic resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:22:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adb5a0c45bf740fc8d057677111c6512 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:22:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-adb5a0c45bf740fc8d057677111c65122022-12-22T00:58:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652020-09-01810.3389/fpubh.2020.00518549033Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in BrazilLara M. Almeida0Lara M. Almeida1Anthony Gaca2Paulo M. Bispo3François Lebreton4Jose T. Saavedra5Rafael A. Silva6Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior7Felipe M. Zorzi8Pedro H. Filsner9Andrea M. Moreno10Michael S. Gilmore11Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, BrazilDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Ophthalmology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, BrazilInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Ophthalmology and Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesOxazolidinones are one of the most important antimicrobials potentially active against glycopeptide- and β-lactam-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Linezolid—the first oxazolidinone to be approved for clinical use in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration—and the newer molecule in the class, tedizolid, inhibit protein synthesis by suppressing the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex in bacteria. Over the past two decades, transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, in particular cfr and optrA, have been identified in Firmicutes isolated from healthcare-related infections, livestock, and the environment. Our goals in this study were to investigate the genetic contexts and the transferability of the cfr and optrA genes and examine genomic features, such as antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility types, and CRISPR-Cas defenses of a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated in feces from a healthy pig during an antimicrobial surveillance program for animal production in Brazil. The cfr gene was found to be integrated into a transposon-like structure of 7,759 nt flanked by IS1216E and capable of excising and circularizing, distinguishing it from known genetic contexts for cfr in Enterococcus spp., while optrA was inserted into an Inc18 broad host-range plasmid of >58 kb. Conjugal transfer of cfr and optrA was shown by filter mating. The coexistence of cfr and optrA in an E. faecalis isolated from a healthy nursery pig highlights the need for monitoring the use of antibiotics in the Brazilian swine production system for controlling spread and proliferation of antibiotic resistance.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00518/fulloxazolidinonesresistanceEnterococcus faecaliscfr geneoptrA genelivestock |
| spellingShingle | Lara M. Almeida Lara M. Almeida Anthony Gaca Paulo M. Bispo François Lebreton Jose T. Saavedra Rafael A. Silva Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior Felipe M. Zorzi Pedro H. Filsner Andrea M. Moreno Michael S. Gilmore Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil Frontiers in Public Health oxazolidinones resistance Enterococcus faecalis cfr gene optrA gene livestock |
| title | Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil |
| title_full | Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil |
| title_short | Coexistence of the Oxazolidinone Resistance–Associated Genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus faecalis From a Healthy Piglet in Brazil |
| title_sort | coexistence of the oxazolidinone resistance associated genes cfr and optra in enterococcus faecalis from a healthy piglet in brazil |
| topic | oxazolidinones resistance Enterococcus faecalis cfr gene optrA gene livestock |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00518/full |
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