Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases
Parasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose func...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00401/full |
| _version_ | 1818174011698315264 |
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| author | Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi Lars Eckmann Steven M. Singer |
| author_facet | Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi Lars Eckmann Steven M. Singer |
| author_sort | Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions in protection and immunopathology during parasitic diseases have been explored in limited ways. IL-21 and its cognate receptor, IL-21R, are highly expressed in parasitized organs of infected humans as well in murine models of the human parasitic diseases. Prior studies have indicated the ability of the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis to regulate the effector functions (e.g., cytokine production) of T cell subsets by enhancing the expression of T-bet and STAT4 in human T cells, resulting in an augmented production of IFN-γ. Mice deficient for either IL-21 (Il21−/−) or IL-21R (Il21r−/−) showed significantly reduced inflammatory responses following parasitic infections as compared with their WT counterparts. Targeting the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis may provide a novel approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for the prevention of parasite-induced immunopathology and tissue destruction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:37:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adda2808c3574218b84a94269b17627f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:37:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-adda2808c3574218b84a94269b17627f2022-12-22T00:53:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882019-12-01910.3389/fcimb.2019.00401492690Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic DiseasesShahram Solaymani-Mohammadi0Lars Eckmann1Steven M. Singer2Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United StatesParasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions in protection and immunopathology during parasitic diseases have been explored in limited ways. IL-21 and its cognate receptor, IL-21R, are highly expressed in parasitized organs of infected humans as well in murine models of the human parasitic diseases. Prior studies have indicated the ability of the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis to regulate the effector functions (e.g., cytokine production) of T cell subsets by enhancing the expression of T-bet and STAT4 in human T cells, resulting in an augmented production of IFN-γ. Mice deficient for either IL-21 (Il21−/−) or IL-21R (Il21r−/−) showed significantly reduced inflammatory responses following parasitic infections as compared with their WT counterparts. Targeting the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis may provide a novel approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for the prevention of parasite-induced immunopathology and tissue destruction.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00401/fullinterleukin (IL)-21parasiteinflammationimmunitycytokinesignaling |
| spellingShingle | Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi Lars Eckmann Steven M. Singer Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology interleukin (IL)-21 parasite inflammation immunity cytokine signaling |
| title | Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases |
| title_full | Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases |
| title_short | Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases |
| title_sort | interleukin il 21 in inflammation and immunity during parasitic diseases |
| topic | interleukin (IL)-21 parasite inflammation immunity cytokine signaling |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00401/full |
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