International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the foll...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y |
| _version_ | 1827817781257568256 |
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| author | Alan A. Aragon Brad J. Schoenfeld Robert Wildman Susan Kleiner Trisha VanDusseldorp Lem Taylor Conrad P. Earnest Paul J. Arciero Colin Wilborn Douglas S. Kalman Jeffrey R. Stout Darryn S. Willoughby Bill Campbell Shawn M. Arent Laurent Bannock Abbie E. Smith-Ryan Jose Antonio |
| author_facet | Alan A. Aragon Brad J. Schoenfeld Robert Wildman Susan Kleiner Trisha VanDusseldorp Lem Taylor Conrad P. Earnest Paul J. Arciero Colin Wilborn Douglas S. Kalman Jeffrey R. Stout Darryn S. Willoughby Bill Campbell Shawn M. Arent Laurent Bannock Abbie E. Smith-Ryan Jose Antonio |
| author_sort | Alan A. Aragon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ade5811724154baead28da15b3eb9b06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1550-2783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-ade5811724154baead28da15b3eb9b062023-09-15T09:19:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition1550-27832017-06-0114110.1186/s12970-017-0174-y12129987International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body compositionAlan A. Aragon0Brad J. Schoenfeld1Robert Wildman2Susan Kleiner3Trisha VanDusseldorp4Lem Taylor5Conrad P. Earnest6Paul J. Arciero7Colin Wilborn8Douglas S. Kalman9Jeffrey R. Stout10Darryn S. Willoughby11Bill Campbell12Shawn M. Arent13Laurent Bannock14Abbie E. Smith-Ryan15Jose Antonio16Department of Family and Consumer SciencesDepartment of Health SciencesDymatize NutritionHigh Performance NutritionDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise and Sports ScienceExercise and Sports Nutrition LaboratoryHealth and Exercise ScienceDepartment of Exercise and Sports ScienceNutrition Research DivisionInstitute of Exercise Physiology and WellnessDepartment of Health, Human Performance and RecreationPerformance & Physique Enhancement LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology & Health, IFNH Center for Health & Human PerformanceGuru Performance InstituteDepartment of Exercise and Sport ScienceDepartment of Health and Human PerformancePosition Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0174-yhypocaloric conditionsbody composition assessment methodsresistance-trained subjectshigh protein intakenon-exercise activity thermogenesis (neat) |
| spellingShingle | Alan A. Aragon Brad J. Schoenfeld Robert Wildman Susan Kleiner Trisha VanDusseldorp Lem Taylor Conrad P. Earnest Paul J. Arciero Colin Wilborn Douglas S. Kalman Jeffrey R. Stout Darryn S. Willoughby Bill Campbell Shawn M. Arent Laurent Bannock Abbie E. Smith-Ryan Jose Antonio International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition hypocaloric conditions body composition assessment methods resistance-trained subjects high protein intake non-exercise activity thermogenesis (neat) |
| title | International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition |
| title_full | International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition |
| title_fullStr | International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition |
| title_short | International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition |
| title_sort | international society of sports nutrition position stand diets and body composition |
| topic | hypocaloric conditions body composition assessment methods resistance-trained subjects high protein intake non-exercise activity thermogenesis (neat) |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y |
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