How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach
Soybean is a legume widely cultivated globally for its seeds, which are rich in oil and protein suitable for animal and human nutrition, and as a biofuel source. One of the main factors that limits production is soil salinity; currently there are an estimated 800 million hectares of agricultural lan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/232 |
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| author | Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato Leidy Alves dos Santos Rodrigo Mendes Pereira Bruno Lemos Batista Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato |
| author_facet | Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato Leidy Alves dos Santos Rodrigo Mendes Pereira Bruno Lemos Batista Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato |
| author_sort | Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean is a legume widely cultivated globally for its seeds, which are rich in oil and protein suitable for animal and human nutrition, and as a biofuel source. One of the main factors that limits production is soil salinity; currently there are an estimated 800 million hectares of agricultural land affected by salt stress worldwide. The aim of this research was to determine whether anatomical, morphological, nutritional, physiological, and biochemical parameters are negatively affected in soybean plants cultivated under different levels of salt stress. The experiment was randomized into five treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM Na<sup>+</sup>). Plants subjected to concentrations of 50 to 200 mM Na<sup>+</sup> exhibited reductions in K (range 21% to 57%), Ca (range 38% to 63%), and Mg (range 20% to 41%) compared to controls (without Na<sup>+</sup>). Na<sup>+</sup> stress progressively produced negative effects on photosynthetic machinery, gas exchange, and photosynthetic pigments, results clearly related to oxidative stress generated by the saline growth conditions. Interestingly, our study revealed that at concentrations up to 100 mM Na<sup>+</sup> deposition of epicuticular wax occurred, the quantity and shape of the stomata changed, and the thickness of the leaf epidermis increased. Our broad-based, multidisciplinary, and comparative study proved that soybean plants suffer significant deleterious effects modulated by Na<sup>+</sup> stress, mainly at concentrations above 100 mM Na<sup>+</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:50:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adf3b07b4ea94c76a18479bbce6f66a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:50:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-adf3b07b4ea94c76a18479bbce6f66a92023-11-30T20:50:53ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113123210.3390/agronomy13010232How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative ApproachBreno Ricardo Serrão da Silva0Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato1Leidy Alves dos Santos2Rodrigo Mendes Pereira3Bruno Lemos Batista4Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni5Parvaiz Ahmad6Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato7Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas 68627-450, BrazilNúcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas 68627-450, BrazilNúcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas 68627-450, BrazilCentro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André 09210-580, BrazilCentro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André 09210-580, BrazilBotany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, IndiaNúcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas 68627-450, BrazilSoybean is a legume widely cultivated globally for its seeds, which are rich in oil and protein suitable for animal and human nutrition, and as a biofuel source. One of the main factors that limits production is soil salinity; currently there are an estimated 800 million hectares of agricultural land affected by salt stress worldwide. The aim of this research was to determine whether anatomical, morphological, nutritional, physiological, and biochemical parameters are negatively affected in soybean plants cultivated under different levels of salt stress. The experiment was randomized into five treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM Na<sup>+</sup>). Plants subjected to concentrations of 50 to 200 mM Na<sup>+</sup> exhibited reductions in K (range 21% to 57%), Ca (range 38% to 63%), and Mg (range 20% to 41%) compared to controls (without Na<sup>+</sup>). Na<sup>+</sup> stress progressively produced negative effects on photosynthetic machinery, gas exchange, and photosynthetic pigments, results clearly related to oxidative stress generated by the saline growth conditions. Interestingly, our study revealed that at concentrations up to 100 mM Na<sup>+</sup> deposition of epicuticular wax occurred, the quantity and shape of the stomata changed, and the thickness of the leaf epidermis increased. Our broad-based, multidisciplinary, and comparative study proved that soybean plants suffer significant deleterious effects modulated by Na<sup>+</sup> stress, mainly at concentrations above 100 mM Na<sup>+</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/232<i>Glycine max</i>ionic imbalanceoxidative stresssalt stressstructural changes |
| spellingShingle | Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato Leidy Alves dos Santos Rodrigo Mendes Pereira Bruno Lemos Batista Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach Agronomy <i>Glycine max</i> ionic imbalance oxidative stress salt stress structural changes |
| title | How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach |
| title_full | How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach |
| title_fullStr | How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach |
| title_short | How Different Na<sup>+</sup> Concentrations Affect Anatomical, Nutritional Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Aspects in Soybean Plants: A Multidisciplinary and Comparative Approach |
| title_sort | how different na sup sup concentrations affect anatomical nutritional physiological biochemical and morphological aspects in soybean plants a multidisciplinary and comparative approach |
| topic | <i>Glycine max</i> ionic imbalance oxidative stress salt stress structural changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/232 |
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