Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers
The current production system of saffron spice generates hundreds of tons of waste. Thus, the aim of this study was to value both saffron and its floral by-products as a source of natural bioactive extracts, studying the in vitro antioxidant capacity, the composition of the volatile fraction by GC-M...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1650 |
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| author | Débora Cerdá-Bernad Jesús Clemente-Villalba Estefanía Valero-Cases Joaquín-Julián Pastor María-José Frutos |
| author_facet | Débora Cerdá-Bernad Jesús Clemente-Villalba Estefanía Valero-Cases Joaquín-Julián Pastor María-José Frutos |
| author_sort | Débora Cerdá-Bernad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current production system of saffron spice generates hundreds of tons of waste. Thus, the aim of this study was to value both saffron and its floral by-products as a source of natural bioactive extracts, studying the in vitro antioxidant capacity, the composition of the volatile fraction by GC-MS/MS, and the determination of crocetins esters by HPLC-PDA. Saffron stigmas and floral by-products showed a high content of polyphenols and different antioxidant properties. Floral bio-residues (tepals, stamens, and styles) presented a high concentration of anthocyanins, and stigmas had high levels of flavonoids, β-carotene, and total crocins. In stigmas, 25 different volatile components were found, with safranal the most relevant. Floral by-products volatile composition consisted of 55 compounds with varying amounts depending on the drying treatment; all the samples presented acetic acid, 2(5H)-furanone, and phenylethyl alcohol. Therefore, saffron stigmas and flower by-products represent a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients for innovative healthy food formulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adf9967dec3d457c82a5a38346180712 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-adf9967dec3d457c82a5a383461807122023-11-23T14:46:43ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01119165010.3390/antiox11091650Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. FlowersDébora Cerdá-Bernad0Jesús Clemente-Villalba1Estefanía Valero-Cases2Joaquín-Julián Pastor3María-José Frutos4Research Group on Quality and Safety, Agro-Food Technology Department, CIAGRO-UMH, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, SpainResearch Group on Quality and Safety, Agro-Food Technology Department, CIAGRO-UMH, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, SpainResearch Group on Quality and Safety, Agro-Food Technology Department, CIAGRO-UMH, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, SpainEngineering Department, CIAGRO-UMH, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, SpainResearch Group on Quality and Safety, Agro-Food Technology Department, CIAGRO-UMH, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, SpainThe current production system of saffron spice generates hundreds of tons of waste. Thus, the aim of this study was to value both saffron and its floral by-products as a source of natural bioactive extracts, studying the in vitro antioxidant capacity, the composition of the volatile fraction by GC-MS/MS, and the determination of crocetins esters by HPLC-PDA. Saffron stigmas and floral by-products showed a high content of polyphenols and different antioxidant properties. Floral bio-residues (tepals, stamens, and styles) presented a high concentration of anthocyanins, and stigmas had high levels of flavonoids, β-carotene, and total crocins. In stigmas, 25 different volatile components were found, with safranal the most relevant. Floral by-products volatile composition consisted of 55 compounds with varying amounts depending on the drying treatment; all the samples presented acetic acid, 2(5H)-furanone, and phenylethyl alcohol. Therefore, saffron stigmas and flower by-products represent a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients for innovative healthy food formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1650saffronfloral bio-residuesvolatile compoundspolyphenolsflavonoidsanthocyanins |
| spellingShingle | Débora Cerdá-Bernad Jesús Clemente-Villalba Estefanía Valero-Cases Joaquín-Julián Pastor María-José Frutos Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers Antioxidants saffron floral bio-residues volatile compounds polyphenols flavonoids anthocyanins |
| title | Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers |
| title_full | Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers |
| title_fullStr | Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers |
| title_short | Novel Insight into the Volatile Profile and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. Flowers |
| title_sort | novel insight into the volatile profile and antioxidant properties of i crocus sativus i l flowers |
| topic | saffron floral bio-residues volatile compounds polyphenols flavonoids anthocyanins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1650 |
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