Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings
The phytohormone gibberellic acids (GAs) play a crucial role in the processes of growth, organ development, and secondary metabolism. However, the mechanism of exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> regulating the growth and flavonoid synthesis in <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid (<...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16045 |
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| author | Lv Yang Shengwei Luo Jing Jiao Wende Yan Baiquan Zeng Hanjie He Gongxiu He |
| author_facet | Lv Yang Shengwei Luo Jing Jiao Wende Yan Baiquan Zeng Hanjie He Gongxiu He |
| author_sort | Lv Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phytohormone gibberellic acids (GAs) play a crucial role in the processes of growth, organ development, and secondary metabolism. However, the mechanism of exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> regulating the growth and flavonoid synthesis in <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid (<i>P. chinense</i> Schneid) seedlings remains unclear. In this study, the physicochemical properties, gene expression level, and secondary metabolite of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings under GA<sub>3</sub> treatment were investigated. The results showed that GA<sub>3</sub> significantly improved the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, soluble substance content, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities. This was accompanied by elevated relative expression levels of <i>Pc(S)-GA2ox</i>, <i>Pc(S)-DELLA</i>, <i>Pc(S)-SAUR50</i>, <i>Pc(S)-PsaD</i>, <i>Pc(S)-Psb 27</i>, <i>Pc(S)-PGK</i>, <i>Pc(S)-CER3,</i> and <i>Pc(S)-FBA</i> unigenes. Conversely, a notable reduction was observed in the carotenoid content, catalase activity and the relative expression abundances of <i>Pc(S)-KAO, Pc(S)-GID1</i>/<i>2,</i> and <i>Pc(S)-GH 3.6</i> unigenes in leaves of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, GA<sub>3</sub> evidently decreased the contents of pinocembrin, pinobanksin, isosakuranetin, naringin, naringenin, (−)-epicatechin, tricetin, luteolin, and vitexin belonged to flavonoid in stem bark of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results indicated that exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> promoted growth through improving chlorophyll content and gene expression in photosynthesis and phytohormone signal pathway and inhibited flavonoid synthesis in <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:38:25Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:38:25Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ae01848807d94011b825d50d34116d672023-12-20T16:47:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124221604510.3390/ijms242216045Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid SeedlingsLv Yang0Shengwei Luo1Jing Jiao2Wende Yan3Baiquan Zeng4Hanjie He5Gongxiu He6National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaThe phytohormone gibberellic acids (GAs) play a crucial role in the processes of growth, organ development, and secondary metabolism. However, the mechanism of exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> regulating the growth and flavonoid synthesis in <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid (<i>P. chinense</i> Schneid) seedlings remains unclear. In this study, the physicochemical properties, gene expression level, and secondary metabolite of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings under GA<sub>3</sub> treatment were investigated. The results showed that GA<sub>3</sub> significantly improved the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, soluble substance content, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities. This was accompanied by elevated relative expression levels of <i>Pc(S)-GA2ox</i>, <i>Pc(S)-DELLA</i>, <i>Pc(S)-SAUR50</i>, <i>Pc(S)-PsaD</i>, <i>Pc(S)-Psb 27</i>, <i>Pc(S)-PGK</i>, <i>Pc(S)-CER3,</i> and <i>Pc(S)-FBA</i> unigenes. Conversely, a notable reduction was observed in the carotenoid content, catalase activity and the relative expression abundances of <i>Pc(S)-KAO, Pc(S)-GID1</i>/<i>2,</i> and <i>Pc(S)-GH 3.6</i> unigenes in leaves of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, GA<sub>3</sub> evidently decreased the contents of pinocembrin, pinobanksin, isosakuranetin, naringin, naringenin, (−)-epicatechin, tricetin, luteolin, and vitexin belonged to flavonoid in stem bark of <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results indicated that exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> promoted growth through improving chlorophyll content and gene expression in photosynthesis and phytohormone signal pathway and inhibited flavonoid synthesis in <i>P. chinense</i> Schneid seedlings.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16045<i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneidgeberellic acidphytohormone signal transductionflavonoidtranscriptomicsmetabonomics |
| spellingShingle | Lv Yang Shengwei Luo Jing Jiao Wende Yan Baiquan Zeng Hanjie He Gongxiu He Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid geberellic acid phytohormone signal transduction flavonoid transcriptomics metabonomics |
| title | Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings |
| title_full | Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings |
| title_short | Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Gibberellic Acid Regulates the Growth and Flavonoid Synthesis in <em>Phellodendron chinense</em> Schneid Seedlings |
| title_sort | integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the mechanism of gibberellic acid regulates the growth and flavonoid synthesis in em phellodendron chinense em schneid seedlings |
| topic | <i>Phellodendron chinense</i> Schneid geberellic acid phytohormone signal transduction flavonoid transcriptomics metabonomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16045 |
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