Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared
Porous germanium is a promising material for sensing applications in the mid-infrared wavelength range due to its biocompatibility, large internal surface area, open pores network and widely tunable refractive index, as well as its large spectral transparency window ranging from 2 to 15 μm. Multilay...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/844 |
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| author | Rami Zegadi Nathalie Lorrain Sofiane Meziani Yannick Dumeige Loїc Bodiou Mohammed Guendouz Abdelouahab Zegadi Joël Charrier |
| author_facet | Rami Zegadi Nathalie Lorrain Sofiane Meziani Yannick Dumeige Loїc Bodiou Mohammed Guendouz Abdelouahab Zegadi Joël Charrier |
| author_sort | Rami Zegadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porous germanium is a promising material for sensing applications in the mid-infrared wavelength range due to its biocompatibility, large internal surface area, open pores network and widely tunable refractive index, as well as its large spectral transparency window ranging from 2 to 15 μm. Multilayers, such as Bragg reflectors and microcavities, based on porous germanium material, are designed and their optical spectra are simulated to enable SF<sub>6</sub> gas-sensing applications at a wavelength of 10.55 µm, which corresponds to its major absorption line. The impact of both the number of successive layers and their respective porosity on the multilayer structures reflectance spectrum is investigated while favoring low layer thicknesses and thus the ease of multilayers manufacturing. The suitability of these microcavities for mid-infrared SF<sub>6</sub> gas sensing is then numerically assessed. Using an asymmetrical microcavity porous structure, a sensitivity of 0.01%/ppm and a limit of detection (LOD) around 1 ppb for the SF<sub>6</sub> gas detection are calculated. Thanks to both the porous nature allowing gases to easily infiltrate the overall structure and Ge mid-infrared optical properties, a theoretical detection limit nearly 1000 times lower than the current state of the art is simulated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:10:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae07e2b134fd45eb8112cbaa676ed739 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:10:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae07e2b134fd45eb8112cbaa676ed7392023-11-23T17:46:20ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-01-0122384410.3390/s22030844Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-InfraredRami Zegadi0Nathalie Lorrain1Sofiane Meziani2Yannick Dumeige3Loїc Bodiou4Mohammed Guendouz5Abdelouahab Zegadi6Joël Charrier7Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FranceLEPCI Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas University Sétif 1, Sétif 19000, AlgeriaInstitut FOTON-UMR 6082, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, FrancePorous germanium is a promising material for sensing applications in the mid-infrared wavelength range due to its biocompatibility, large internal surface area, open pores network and widely tunable refractive index, as well as its large spectral transparency window ranging from 2 to 15 μm. Multilayers, such as Bragg reflectors and microcavities, based on porous germanium material, are designed and their optical spectra are simulated to enable SF<sub>6</sub> gas-sensing applications at a wavelength of 10.55 µm, which corresponds to its major absorption line. The impact of both the number of successive layers and their respective porosity on the multilayer structures reflectance spectrum is investigated while favoring low layer thicknesses and thus the ease of multilayers manufacturing. The suitability of these microcavities for mid-infrared SF<sub>6</sub> gas sensing is then numerically assessed. Using an asymmetrical microcavity porous structure, a sensitivity of 0.01%/ppm and a limit of detection (LOD) around 1 ppb for the SF<sub>6</sub> gas detection are calculated. Thanks to both the porous nature allowing gases to easily infiltrate the overall structure and Ge mid-infrared optical properties, a theoretical detection limit nearly 1000 times lower than the current state of the art is simulated.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/844porous germanium materialsmid-infrared detectionBragg reflectoroptical microcavity |
| spellingShingle | Rami Zegadi Nathalie Lorrain Sofiane Meziani Yannick Dumeige Loїc Bodiou Mohammed Guendouz Abdelouahab Zegadi Joël Charrier Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared Sensors porous germanium materials mid-infrared detection Bragg reflector optical microcavity |
| title | Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared |
| title_full | Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared |
| title_fullStr | Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared |
| title_short | Theoretical Demonstration of the Interest of Using Porous Germanium to Fabricate Multilayer Vertical Optical Structures for the Detection of SF<sub>6</sub> Gas in the Mid-Infrared |
| title_sort | theoretical demonstration of the interest of using porous germanium to fabricate multilayer vertical optical structures for the detection of sf sub 6 sub gas in the mid infrared |
| topic | porous germanium materials mid-infrared detection Bragg reflector optical microcavity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/844 |
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