Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear
Moisture content is an important factor in corn breeding and cultivation. A corn breed with low moisture at harvest is beneficial for mechanical operations, reduces drying and storage costs after harvesting and, thus, reduces energy consumption. Nondestructive measurement of kernel moisture in an in...
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MDPI AG
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2196 |
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| author | Han-Lin Zhang Qin Ma Li-Feng Fan Peng-Fei Zhao Jian-Xu Wang Xiao-Dong Zhang De-Hai Zhu Lan Huang Dong-Jie Zhao Zhong-Yi Wang |
| author_facet | Han-Lin Zhang Qin Ma Li-Feng Fan Peng-Fei Zhao Jian-Xu Wang Xiao-Dong Zhang De-Hai Zhu Lan Huang Dong-Jie Zhao Zhong-Yi Wang |
| author_sort | Han-Lin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moisture content is an important factor in corn breeding and cultivation. A corn breed with low moisture at harvest is beneficial for mechanical operations, reduces drying and storage costs after harvesting and, thus, reduces energy consumption. Nondestructive measurement of kernel moisture in an intact corn ear allows us to select corn varieties with seeds that have high dehydration speeds in the mature period. We designed a sensor using a ring electrode pair for nondestructive measurement of the kernel moisture in a corn ear based on a high-frequency detection circuit. Through experiments using the effective scope of the electrodes’ electric field, we confirmed that the moisture in the corn cob has little effect on corn kernel moisture measurement. Before the sensor was applied in practice, we investigated temperature and conductivity effects on the output impedance. Results showed that the temperature was linearly related to the output impedance (both real and imaginary parts) of the measurement electrodes and the detection circuit’s output voltage. However, the conductivity has a non-monotonic dependence on the output impedance (both real and imaginary parts) of the measurement electrodes and the output voltage of the high-frequency detection circuit. Therefore, we reduced the effect of conductivity on the measurement results through measurement frequency selection. Corn moisture measurement results showed a quadric regression between corn ear moisture and the imaginary part of the output impedance, and there is also a quadric regression between corn kernel moisture and the high-frequency detection circuit output voltage at 100 MHz. In this study, two corn breeds were measured using our sensor and gave R2 values for the quadric regression equation of 0.7853 and 0.8496. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:25:57Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ae088f38e6ac4aa6887f7bbf1d00934d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:25:57Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae088f38e6ac4aa6887f7bbf1d00934d2022-12-22T03:10:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-12-011612219610.3390/s16122196s16122196Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn EarHan-Lin Zhang0Qin Ma1Li-Feng Fan2Peng-Fei Zhao3Jian-Xu Wang4Xiao-Dong Zhang5De-Hai Zhu6Lan Huang7Dong-Jie Zhao8Zhong-Yi Wang9College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaMoisture content is an important factor in corn breeding and cultivation. A corn breed with low moisture at harvest is beneficial for mechanical operations, reduces drying and storage costs after harvesting and, thus, reduces energy consumption. Nondestructive measurement of kernel moisture in an intact corn ear allows us to select corn varieties with seeds that have high dehydration speeds in the mature period. We designed a sensor using a ring electrode pair for nondestructive measurement of the kernel moisture in a corn ear based on a high-frequency detection circuit. Through experiments using the effective scope of the electrodes’ electric field, we confirmed that the moisture in the corn cob has little effect on corn kernel moisture measurement. Before the sensor was applied in practice, we investigated temperature and conductivity effects on the output impedance. Results showed that the temperature was linearly related to the output impedance (both real and imaginary parts) of the measurement electrodes and the detection circuit’s output voltage. However, the conductivity has a non-monotonic dependence on the output impedance (both real and imaginary parts) of the measurement electrodes and the output voltage of the high-frequency detection circuit. Therefore, we reduced the effect of conductivity on the measurement results through measurement frequency selection. Corn moisture measurement results showed a quadric regression between corn ear moisture and the imaginary part of the output impedance, and there is also a quadric regression between corn kernel moisture and the high-frequency detection circuit output voltage at 100 MHz. In this study, two corn breeds were measured using our sensor and gave R2 values for the quadric regression equation of 0.7853 and 0.8496.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2196corn earmoisturenondestructive measurementhigh-frequency detectionimpedance |
| spellingShingle | Han-Lin Zhang Qin Ma Li-Feng Fan Peng-Fei Zhao Jian-Xu Wang Xiao-Dong Zhang De-Hai Zhu Lan Huang Dong-Jie Zhao Zhong-Yi Wang Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear Sensors corn ear moisture nondestructive measurement high-frequency detection impedance |
| title | Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear |
| title_full | Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear |
| title_fullStr | Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear |
| title_short | Nondestructive In Situ Measurement Method for Kernel Moisture Content in Corn Ear |
| title_sort | nondestructive in situ measurement method for kernel moisture content in corn ear |
| topic | corn ear moisture nondestructive measurement high-frequency detection impedance |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2196 |
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