Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Food away from home (FAFH) is an ‘eating behavior’ widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet qu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-022-00335-5 |
| _version_ | 1797985489987305472 |
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| author | Swapnil Godbharle Angeline Jeyakumar Bibek Raj Giri Hema Kesa |
| author_facet | Swapnil Godbharle Angeline Jeyakumar Bibek Raj Giri Hema Kesa |
| author_sort | Swapnil Godbharle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Food away from home (FAFH) is an ‘eating behavior’ widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet quality, diversity, or healthy eating, FAFH is less utilized to study dietary behaviors and the associated disease risk. Objective To calculate the pooled estimate of FAFH and identify the associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Independent electronic searches were conducted across 6 databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Ingenta, and CAB direct. Observational studies investigating the association between FAFH and NCD markers published between the year 2011 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included overweight or obese participants, pregnant women, or those under institutional care at baseline were excluded. The guidelines for reporting meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology were adhered to in the preparation of this systematic review. Results The random effects combined estimate for the overall prevalence of FAFH was 39.96% (95% CI 29.97–53.29). High heterogeneity (τ 2 = 0.63, I 2 = 100%) and high risk of bias were observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 25.11 (p < 0.001). Eleven out of fourteen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and anthropometric changes. Twelve out of seventeen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers. Conclusion Our work confirms FAFH as an evolving dietary behavior in both developing and developed countries, emphasizing the lack of representation from low-income countries. The association of FAFH with obesity and non-communicable disease risk is reinforced by our analyses. These findings should enable policy decisions to meet the rising demand of FAFH with healthier options to prevent the risk of NCD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:18:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae0bffa960e14ae8a930a866efa6af7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-1315 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:18:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae0bffa960e14ae8a930a866efa6af7f2022-12-22T04:37:51ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152022-11-0141112010.1186/s41043-022-00335-5Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysisSwapnil Godbharle0Angeline Jeyakumar1Bibek Raj Giri2Hema Kesa3Food Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of JohannesburgFood Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of JohannesburgDepartment of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityFood Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of JohannesburgAbstract Background Food away from home (FAFH) is an ‘eating behavior’ widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet quality, diversity, or healthy eating, FAFH is less utilized to study dietary behaviors and the associated disease risk. Objective To calculate the pooled estimate of FAFH and identify the associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Independent electronic searches were conducted across 6 databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Ingenta, and CAB direct. Observational studies investigating the association between FAFH and NCD markers published between the year 2011 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included overweight or obese participants, pregnant women, or those under institutional care at baseline were excluded. The guidelines for reporting meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology were adhered to in the preparation of this systematic review. Results The random effects combined estimate for the overall prevalence of FAFH was 39.96% (95% CI 29.97–53.29). High heterogeneity (τ 2 = 0.63, I 2 = 100%) and high risk of bias were observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 25.11 (p < 0.001). Eleven out of fourteen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and anthropometric changes. Twelve out of seventeen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers. Conclusion Our work confirms FAFH as an evolving dietary behavior in both developing and developed countries, emphasizing the lack of representation from low-income countries. The association of FAFH with obesity and non-communicable disease risk is reinforced by our analyses. These findings should enable policy decisions to meet the rising demand of FAFH with healthier options to prevent the risk of NCD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-022-00335-5Food away from homeDietary behaviorNon-communicable diseasesAnthropometric changes |
| spellingShingle | Swapnil Godbharle Angeline Jeyakumar Bibek Raj Giri Hema Kesa Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Food away from home Dietary behavior Non-communicable diseases Anthropometric changes |
| title | Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | pooled prevalence of food away from home fafh and associated non communicable disease ncd markers a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Food away from home Dietary behavior Non-communicable diseases Anthropometric changes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-022-00335-5 |
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