Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo
Background: Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis are widespread helminth parasites in the tropics. Their distribution remains difficult to determine as it may change during national disease control programs and with regional mass drug administration (MDA). Epidemiol...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673117300594 |
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| author | Francois Korbmacher Kossi Komlan Richard G. Gantin Wiyao P. Poutouli Koffi Padjoudoum Potchoziou Karabou Peter T. Soboslay Carsten Köhler |
| author_facet | Francois Korbmacher Kossi Komlan Richard G. Gantin Wiyao P. Poutouli Koffi Padjoudoum Potchoziou Karabou Peter T. Soboslay Carsten Köhler |
| author_sort | Francois Korbmacher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis are widespread helminth parasites in the tropics. Their distribution remains difficult to determine as it may change during national disease control programs and with regional mass drug administration (MDA). Epidemiological surveys are of importance to evaluate the geographical distribution of these helminth parasites and the diseases they may cause, however, up to date epidemiological evaluations on M. perstans and S. stercoralis in Togo are rare, and surveys on O. volvulus are important especially under the aspect of MDA of ivermectin which is performed since decades. Methods: Dry blood samples (n = 924) were collected from rural populations in the Régions Central and Plateaux in Togo, and analyzed by parasite-specific real-time PCR and ELISA techniques. Results: Dry blood samples from 733 persons where investigated by real-time PCR tested for DNA of blood-circulating M. perstans microfilaria, and a prevalence of 14.9% was detected. Distinct differences were observed between genders, positivity was higher in men increasing with age, and prevalence was highest in the Région Plateaux in Togo. IgG4 responses to O. volvulus antigen (OvAg) were studied in 924 persons and 59% were found positive. The distribution of parasite infestation between age and gender groups was higher in men increasing with age, and regional differences were detected being highest in the Région Plateaux. The diagnostic approach disclosed 64,5% positive IgG4 responses to S. stercoralis infective third-stage larvae-specific antigen (SsL3Ag) in the surveyed regions. Antigen cross reactivity of SsL3Ag with parasite co-infections may limit the calculated prevalence. Singly IgG4 positive for SsL3Ag were 13.9%, doubly positive for OvAg and SsL3Ag were 35.5% and triply positive for M. perstans, O. volvulus and S. stercoralis were 9.9%. Conclusions: Mansonelliasis, onchocerciasis and strongyloidiasis remain prevalent in the surveyed regions, yet with local differences. Our observations suggest that transmission of M. perstans, O. volvulus and S. stercoralis may be ongoing. The degree of positive test results in the examined rural communities advocate for the continuation of MDA with ivermectin and albendazole, and further investigations should address the intensity of transmission of these parasites. Keywords: Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans, Strongyloides stercoralis, Onchocerciasis, Mansonelliasis, Strongyloidiasis, Togo, Prevalence |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:21:09Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6731 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:21:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae100670da9c4e9c93b133a08384510d2022-12-21T19:17:42ZengElsevierParasite Epidemiology and Control2405-67312018-05-01327787Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern TogoFrancois Korbmacher0Kossi Komlan1Richard G. Gantin2Wiyao P. Poutouli3Koffi Padjoudoum4Potchoziou Karabou5Peter T. Soboslay6Carsten Köhler7National Institute of Hygiene, Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Sokodé, Togo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Clinics of Tübingen, GermanyNational Institute of Hygiene, Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Sokodé, Togo; Faculté de Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, TogoNational Institute of Hygiene, Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Sokodé, Togo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Clinics of Tübingen, GermanyFaculté de Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, TogoNational Onchocerciasis Control Program, Kara, TogoNational Onchocerciasis Control Program, Kara, TogoNational Institute of Hygiene, Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Sokodé, Togo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Clinics of Tübingen, Germany; Corresponding author at: National Institute of Hygiene, Onchocerciasis Reference Laboratory, Sokodé, Togo.Institute for Tropical Medicine, University Clinics of Tübingen, GermanyBackground: Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis are widespread helminth parasites in the tropics. Their distribution remains difficult to determine as it may change during national disease control programs and with regional mass drug administration (MDA). Epidemiological surveys are of importance to evaluate the geographical distribution of these helminth parasites and the diseases they may cause, however, up to date epidemiological evaluations on M. perstans and S. stercoralis in Togo are rare, and surveys on O. volvulus are important especially under the aspect of MDA of ivermectin which is performed since decades. Methods: Dry blood samples (n = 924) were collected from rural populations in the Régions Central and Plateaux in Togo, and analyzed by parasite-specific real-time PCR and ELISA techniques. Results: Dry blood samples from 733 persons where investigated by real-time PCR tested for DNA of blood-circulating M. perstans microfilaria, and a prevalence of 14.9% was detected. Distinct differences were observed between genders, positivity was higher in men increasing with age, and prevalence was highest in the Région Plateaux in Togo. IgG4 responses to O. volvulus antigen (OvAg) were studied in 924 persons and 59% were found positive. The distribution of parasite infestation between age and gender groups was higher in men increasing with age, and regional differences were detected being highest in the Région Plateaux. The diagnostic approach disclosed 64,5% positive IgG4 responses to S. stercoralis infective third-stage larvae-specific antigen (SsL3Ag) in the surveyed regions. Antigen cross reactivity of SsL3Ag with parasite co-infections may limit the calculated prevalence. Singly IgG4 positive for SsL3Ag were 13.9%, doubly positive for OvAg and SsL3Ag were 35.5% and triply positive for M. perstans, O. volvulus and S. stercoralis were 9.9%. Conclusions: Mansonelliasis, onchocerciasis and strongyloidiasis remain prevalent in the surveyed regions, yet with local differences. Our observations suggest that transmission of M. perstans, O. volvulus and S. stercoralis may be ongoing. The degree of positive test results in the examined rural communities advocate for the continuation of MDA with ivermectin and albendazole, and further investigations should address the intensity of transmission of these parasites. Keywords: Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans, Strongyloides stercoralis, Onchocerciasis, Mansonelliasis, Strongyloidiasis, Togo, Prevalencehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673117300594 |
| spellingShingle | Francois Korbmacher Kossi Komlan Richard G. Gantin Wiyao P. Poutouli Koffi Padjoudoum Potchoziou Karabou Peter T. Soboslay Carsten Köhler Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| title | Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo |
| title_full | Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo |
| title_fullStr | Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo |
| title_short | Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern Togo |
| title_sort | mansonella perstans onchocerca volvulus and strongyloides stercoralis infections in rural populations in central and southern togo |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673117300594 |
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