Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in Pakistan, but the genetic diversity of the cestode is largely unexplored in the country. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CE infecting the livestock population of the Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, P...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757800/full |
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| author | Jadoon Khan Jadoon Khan Nosheen Basharat Salman Khan Syed Muhammad Jamal Sadeeq ur Rahman Aamer Ali Shah Sanaullah Khan Rehman Ali Shahid Niaz Khan Ijaz Ali |
| author_facet | Jadoon Khan Jadoon Khan Nosheen Basharat Salman Khan Syed Muhammad Jamal Sadeeq ur Rahman Aamer Ali Shah Sanaullah Khan Rehman Ali Shahid Niaz Khan Ijaz Ali |
| author_sort | Jadoon Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in Pakistan, but the genetic diversity of the cestode is largely unexplored in the country. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CE infecting the livestock population of the Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1,200 livestock, including buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep, were examined for echinococcosis from November 2017–2018 at different slaughterhouses in the Malakand division. Hydatid cysts were collected from different organs, and hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was examined microscopically and used for DNA extraction. The LSU (rrnl) and NAD1 genes were amplified and sequenced. The overall prevalence of CE was 17% (204/1,200), including cows (21.7%), buffaloes (17.4%), goats (10%), and sheep (9.6%). The infection was relatively more prevalent among males (17%) than females (16.9%) and animals of older age (>5 years) (p = 0.710). Liver (63.2%) and lungs (25%) were more affected as compared to kidneys (6.8%) and heart (4.9%). HCF analysis indicated that 52.0% of the cysts were sterile and (48.0%) were fertile. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed 80.0% of the isolates as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) in all animal species, while Echinococcus equinus (G4) and Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) were present in buffaloes. The present study concluded that CE is prevalent in the livestock population of Malakand. Besides E. granulosus s. s. (G1-G3), E. ortleppi genotype (G5) and E. equinus (G4) in livestock were also reported. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:22:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae125c06b4e24cec99d63fa533ace430 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:22:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae125c06b4e24cec99d63fa533ace4302022-12-21T19:37:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-10-01810.3389/fvets.2021.757800757800Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanJadoon Khan0Jadoon Khan1Nosheen Basharat2Salman Khan3Syed Muhammad Jamal4Sadeeq ur Rahman5Aamer Ali Shah6Sanaullah Khan7Rehman Ali8Shahid Niaz Khan9Ijaz Ali10Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, PakistanCollege of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, PakistanDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, PakistanCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in Pakistan, but the genetic diversity of the cestode is largely unexplored in the country. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of CE infecting the livestock population of the Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1,200 livestock, including buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep, were examined for echinococcosis from November 2017–2018 at different slaughterhouses in the Malakand division. Hydatid cysts were collected from different organs, and hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was examined microscopically and used for DNA extraction. The LSU (rrnl) and NAD1 genes were amplified and sequenced. The overall prevalence of CE was 17% (204/1,200), including cows (21.7%), buffaloes (17.4%), goats (10%), and sheep (9.6%). The infection was relatively more prevalent among males (17%) than females (16.9%) and animals of older age (>5 years) (p = 0.710). Liver (63.2%) and lungs (25%) were more affected as compared to kidneys (6.8%) and heart (4.9%). HCF analysis indicated that 52.0% of the cysts were sterile and (48.0%) were fertile. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed 80.0% of the isolates as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) in all animal species, while Echinococcus equinus (G4) and Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) were present in buffaloes. The present study concluded that CE is prevalent in the livestock population of Malakand. Besides E. granulosus s. s. (G1-G3), E. ortleppi genotype (G5) and E. equinus (G4) in livestock were also reported.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757800/fullEchinococcus granulosuscystic echinococcosiszoonosisKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan |
| spellingShingle | Jadoon Khan Jadoon Khan Nosheen Basharat Salman Khan Syed Muhammad Jamal Sadeeq ur Rahman Aamer Ali Shah Sanaullah Khan Rehman Ali Shahid Niaz Khan Ijaz Ali Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Frontiers in Veterinary Science Echinococcus granulosus cystic echinococcosis zoonosis Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan |
| title | Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_full | Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_short | Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cystic Echinococcosis in Livestock Population of the Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| title_sort | prevalence and molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis in livestock population of the malakand division khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan |
| topic | Echinococcus granulosus cystic echinococcosis zoonosis Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757800/full |
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