The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation
In people with peripheral neuropathy (PN), impaired plantar sensation can cause adaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in changes in the standing postural control, which is reflected in the variability of standing output signals. Standard deviation (SD) and entropy are relia...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/64 |
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| author | Mengzi Sun Fangtong Zhang Kelsey Lewis Qipeng Song Li Li |
| author_facet | Mengzi Sun Fangtong Zhang Kelsey Lewis Qipeng Song Li Li |
| author_sort | Mengzi Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In people with peripheral neuropathy (PN), impaired plantar sensation can cause adaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in changes in the standing postural control, which is reflected in the variability of standing output signals. Standard deviation (SD) and entropy are reliable indicators of system variability, especially since entropy is highly sensitive to diseased populations. The relation between SD and entropy, CNS and center of pressure (COP) variability is unclear for people with severe PN. The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability of the CNS to the severe of PN and its effect on the degree and complexity of COP variability. Here, people with PN were divided into less affected (LA) and more affected (MA) groups based on plantar pressure sensitivity. We studied Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and standing balance performance with the control group (n = 8), LA group (n = 10), and MA group (n = 9), recording a 30 s COP time series (30,000 samples) of double-leg standing with eyes open. We observed that the more affected group had less COP complexity than people without PN. There is a significant negative correlation between the SD and sample entropy in people without PN, less affected and more affected. The COP complexity in people without PN was inversely correlated with H-reflex. We concluded that: (1) The complexity of COP variability in patients with severe plantar sensory impairment is changed, which will not affect the degree of COP variability; (2) The independence of the COP entropy in the AP and ML directions decreased, and the interdependence increased in people with PN; (3) Although the CNS of people with PN has a greater contribution to standing balance, its modulation of standing postural control is decreased. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae1d620557724db287f7eef7f75066e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae1d620557724db287f7eef7f75066e32023-11-30T22:07:43ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-12-012516410.3390/e25010064The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar SensationMengzi Sun0Fangtong Zhang1Kelsey Lewis2Qipeng Song3Li Li4School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaBiomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USABiomechanics Laboratory, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 276826, ChinaDepartment of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USAIn people with peripheral neuropathy (PN), impaired plantar sensation can cause adaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in changes in the standing postural control, which is reflected in the variability of standing output signals. Standard deviation (SD) and entropy are reliable indicators of system variability, especially since entropy is highly sensitive to diseased populations. The relation between SD and entropy, CNS and center of pressure (COP) variability is unclear for people with severe PN. The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability of the CNS to the severe of PN and its effect on the degree and complexity of COP variability. Here, people with PN were divided into less affected (LA) and more affected (MA) groups based on plantar pressure sensitivity. We studied Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and standing balance performance with the control group (n = 8), LA group (n = 10), and MA group (n = 9), recording a 30 s COP time series (30,000 samples) of double-leg standing with eyes open. We observed that the more affected group had less COP complexity than people without PN. There is a significant negative correlation between the SD and sample entropy in people without PN, less affected and more affected. The COP complexity in people without PN was inversely correlated with H-reflex. We concluded that: (1) The complexity of COP variability in patients with severe plantar sensory impairment is changed, which will not affect the degree of COP variability; (2) The independence of the COP entropy in the AP and ML directions decreased, and the interdependence increased in people with PN; (3) Although the CNS of people with PN has a greater contribution to standing balance, its modulation of standing postural control is decreased.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/64neuropathyH-reflexpostural controlbalancecomplexity |
| spellingShingle | Mengzi Sun Fangtong Zhang Kelsey Lewis Qipeng Song Li Li The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation Entropy neuropathy H-reflex postural control balance complexity |
| title | The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation |
| title_full | The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation |
| title_short | The Impact of Hoffmann Reflex on Standing Postural Control Complexity in the Elderly with Impaired Plantar Sensation |
| title_sort | impact of hoffmann reflex on standing postural control complexity in the elderly with impaired plantar sensation |
| topic | neuropathy H-reflex postural control balance complexity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/64 |
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