Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment
In recent years, polypropylene microplastic has persisted in freshwater ecosystems and biota, forming ever-growing threats. This research aimed to prepare polypropylene microplastics and evaluate their toxicity to the filter feeder <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>. In this research, fish w...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/282 |
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| author | Jeyaraj Jeyavani Ashokkumar Sibiya Thambusamy Stalin Ganesan Vigneshkumar Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Mian Nadeem Riaz Marimuthu Govindarajan Baskaralingam Vaseeharan |
| author_facet | Jeyaraj Jeyavani Ashokkumar Sibiya Thambusamy Stalin Ganesan Vigneshkumar Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Mian Nadeem Riaz Marimuthu Govindarajan Baskaralingam Vaseeharan |
| author_sort | Jeyaraj Jeyavani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, polypropylene microplastic has persisted in freshwater ecosystems and biota, forming ever-growing threats. This research aimed to prepare polypropylene microplastics and evaluate their toxicity to the filter feeder <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>. In this research, fish were given a dietary supplement of polypropylene microplastics at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for acute (96 h) and sub-acute (14 days) durations to assess toxic effects on liver tissues. FTIR results revealed the presence of polypropylene microplastic in their digestion matter. The ingestion of microplastics in <i>O. mossambicus</i> led to fluctuations in homeostasis, an upsurge in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an alteration in antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S–transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); a promotion in the oxidation of lipid molecules; and a denaturation in the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Our data indicated that sustained exposure to microplastics (14 days) produced a more severe threat than acute exposure (96 h). In addition, higher apoptosis, DNA damage (genotoxicity), and histological changes were found in the liver tissues of the sub-acute (14 days) microplastics-treated groups. This research indicated that the constant ingestion of polypropylene microplastics is detrimental to freshwater environments and leads to ecological threats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae22e72941d34c18acc413d167e64b02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae22e72941d34c18acc413d167e64b022023-11-17T14:13:40ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-03-0111328210.3390/toxics11030282Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological AssessmentJeyaraj Jeyavani0Ashokkumar Sibiya1Thambusamy Stalin2Ganesan Vigneshkumar3Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4Mian Nadeem Riaz5Marimuthu Govindarajan6Baskaralingam Vaseeharan7Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab., Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBiomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab., Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaTexas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAUnit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBiomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab., Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaIn recent years, polypropylene microplastic has persisted in freshwater ecosystems and biota, forming ever-growing threats. This research aimed to prepare polypropylene microplastics and evaluate their toxicity to the filter feeder <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>. In this research, fish were given a dietary supplement of polypropylene microplastics at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for acute (96 h) and sub-acute (14 days) durations to assess toxic effects on liver tissues. FTIR results revealed the presence of polypropylene microplastic in their digestion matter. The ingestion of microplastics in <i>O. mossambicus</i> led to fluctuations in homeostasis, an upsurge in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an alteration in antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S–transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); a promotion in the oxidation of lipid molecules; and a denaturation in the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Our data indicated that sustained exposure to microplastics (14 days) produced a more severe threat than acute exposure (96 h). In addition, higher apoptosis, DNA damage (genotoxicity), and histological changes were found in the liver tissues of the sub-acute (14 days) microplastics-treated groups. This research indicated that the constant ingestion of polypropylene microplastics is detrimental to freshwater environments and leads to ecological threats.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/282polypropylene microplasticsfreshwater ecosystemever-growing threatsliver tissuesfoodgenotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Jeyaraj Jeyavani Ashokkumar Sibiya Thambusamy Stalin Ganesan Vigneshkumar Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Mian Nadeem Riaz Marimuthu Govindarajan Baskaralingam Vaseeharan Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment Toxics polypropylene microplastics freshwater ecosystem ever-growing threats liver tissues food genotoxicity |
| title | Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment |
| title_full | Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment |
| title_short | Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment |
| title_sort | biochemical genotoxic and histological implications of polypropylene microplastics on freshwater fish i oreochromis mossambicus i an aquatic eco toxicological assessment |
| topic | polypropylene microplastics freshwater ecosystem ever-growing threats liver tissues food genotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/282 |
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