The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus
Abstract Purpose This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. Methods The s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1 |
| _version_ | 1827325976089985024 |
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| author | Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi Noha M. Elemam Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh |
| author_facet | Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi Noha M. Elemam Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh |
| author_sort | Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. Methods The study included 27 participants. Among them, 20 (n = 20; 74%) had type II DM, and seven (n = 7; 26%) were healthy control subjects. Saliva samples were collected at three time intervals: before tooth extraction and 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. The salivary biomarkers were investigated using a Luminex multiplex assay. These salivary biomarkers included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Results At baseline, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β (P = 0.016). Moreover, 2 hours after extraction, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than did healthy control subjects (P = 0.046 and P = 0.020, respectively). In addition, 2 days after tooth extraction, the DM group had significantly greater IL-6 levels (P = 0.010) than the control group. Conclusions In patients with type II DM, salivary proinflammatory biomarker levels are generally comparable or lower than those in healthy control subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines manifest differently in patients with type II DM after tooth extraction than in normal healthy individuals. There is generally a delayed early response of salivary proinflammatory markers in patients living with type II DM who undergo tooth extraction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:38:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae22eca7e93a4e7894e7d6fee67d9761 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae22eca7e93a4e7894e7d6fee67d97612024-03-05T20:33:31ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-02-012411810.1186/s12903-024-04006-1The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitusYousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi0Noha M. Elemam1Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh2Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of SharjahDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of SharjahDepartment of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of SharjahAbstract Purpose This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. Methods The study included 27 participants. Among them, 20 (n = 20; 74%) had type II DM, and seven (n = 7; 26%) were healthy control subjects. Saliva samples were collected at three time intervals: before tooth extraction and 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. The salivary biomarkers were investigated using a Luminex multiplex assay. These salivary biomarkers included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Results At baseline, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β (P = 0.016). Moreover, 2 hours after extraction, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than did healthy control subjects (P = 0.046 and P = 0.020, respectively). In addition, 2 days after tooth extraction, the DM group had significantly greater IL-6 levels (P = 0.010) than the control group. Conclusions In patients with type II DM, salivary proinflammatory biomarker levels are generally comparable or lower than those in healthy control subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines manifest differently in patients with type II DM after tooth extraction than in normal healthy individuals. There is generally a delayed early response of salivary proinflammatory markers in patients living with type II DM who undergo tooth extraction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1ProinflammatorySalivary cytokinesTooth extractionTNF-αIL-6IL-1β |
| spellingShingle | Yousuf Ibrahim Al Shehhi Noha M. Elemam Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus BMC Oral Health Proinflammatory Salivary cytokines Tooth extraction TNF-α IL-6 IL-1β |
| title | The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type ii diabetes mellitus |
| topic | Proinflammatory Salivary cytokines Tooth extraction TNF-α IL-6 IL-1β |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1 |
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