Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Obesity is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. Making charcoal from wood (“Sumi-yaki”) has been a traditional activity in the southern part of Nagano Prefecture for centuries, with activated charcoal having reported detoxifying effects. However, it is unclear whether activated charcoal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.852767/full |
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| author | Xuguang Zhang Pan Diao Hiroaki Yokoyama Yoshiki Inoue Kazuhiro Tanabe Xiaojing Wang Xiaojing Wang Chihiro Hayashi Tomoki Yokoyama Zhe Zhang Xiao Hu Xiao Hu Takero Nakajima Takefumi Kimura Jun Nakayama Makoto Nakamuta Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka |
| author_facet | Xuguang Zhang Pan Diao Hiroaki Yokoyama Yoshiki Inoue Kazuhiro Tanabe Xiaojing Wang Xiaojing Wang Chihiro Hayashi Tomoki Yokoyama Zhe Zhang Xiao Hu Xiao Hu Takero Nakajima Takefumi Kimura Jun Nakayama Makoto Nakamuta Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka |
| author_sort | Xuguang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. Making charcoal from wood (“Sumi-yaki”) has been a traditional activity in the southern part of Nagano Prefecture for centuries, with activated charcoal having reported detoxifying effects. However, it is unclear whether activated charcoal also possesses anti-obesity properties. Additionally, since activated charcoal is usually alkaline and might be affected by gastric juice, we evaluated the effect of acidic activated charcoal on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study demonstrated that co-treatment of acidic activated charcoal with a HFD significantly improved obesity and insulin resistance in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Metabolomic analysis of cecal contents revealed that neutral lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids were excreted at markedly higher levels in feces with charcoal treatment. Moreover, the hepatic expressions of genes encoding cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase/synthase 1 were up-regulated by activated charcoal, likely reflecting the enhanced excretions from the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol and bile acids. No damage or abnormalities were detected in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and lung. In conclusion, acidic activated charcoal may be able to attenuate HFD-induced weight gain and insulin resistance without serious adverse effects. These findings indicate a novel function of charcoal to prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome, and related diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:21:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae24d0a73fb64674b2e1c44abbf32ccc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:21:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae24d0a73fb64674b2e1c44abbf32ccc2022-12-22T02:22:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-05-01910.3389/fnut.2022.852767852767Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed MiceXuguang Zhang0Pan Diao1Hiroaki Yokoyama2Yoshiki Inoue3Kazuhiro Tanabe4Xiaojing Wang5Xiaojing Wang6Chihiro Hayashi7Tomoki Yokoyama8Zhe Zhang9Xiao Hu10Xiao Hu11Takero Nakajima12Takefumi Kimura13Jun Nakayama14Makoto Nakamuta15Naoki Tanaka16Naoki Tanaka17Naoki Tanaka18Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanSumi Plus Lab Co., Ltd., Yokohama, JapanIna Carbonization Laboratory Co., Ltd., Ina, JapanMedical Solution Promotion Department, Medical Solution Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, ChinaMedical Solution Promotion Department, Medical Solution Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, JapanSumi Plus Lab Co., Ltd., Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, ChinaDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan0Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan1International Relations Office, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan2Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, JapanObesity is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. Making charcoal from wood (“Sumi-yaki”) has been a traditional activity in the southern part of Nagano Prefecture for centuries, with activated charcoal having reported detoxifying effects. However, it is unclear whether activated charcoal also possesses anti-obesity properties. Additionally, since activated charcoal is usually alkaline and might be affected by gastric juice, we evaluated the effect of acidic activated charcoal on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study demonstrated that co-treatment of acidic activated charcoal with a HFD significantly improved obesity and insulin resistance in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Metabolomic analysis of cecal contents revealed that neutral lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids were excreted at markedly higher levels in feces with charcoal treatment. Moreover, the hepatic expressions of genes encoding cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase/synthase 1 were up-regulated by activated charcoal, likely reflecting the enhanced excretions from the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol and bile acids. No damage or abnormalities were detected in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and lung. In conclusion, acidic activated charcoal may be able to attenuate HFD-induced weight gain and insulin resistance without serious adverse effects. These findings indicate a novel function of charcoal to prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome, and related diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.852767/fullobesityacidic activated charcoalinsulin resistancemetabolic syndromemetabolomic analysisbile acid |
| spellingShingle | Xuguang Zhang Pan Diao Hiroaki Yokoyama Yoshiki Inoue Kazuhiro Tanabe Xiaojing Wang Xiaojing Wang Chihiro Hayashi Tomoki Yokoyama Zhe Zhang Xiao Hu Xiao Hu Takero Nakajima Takefumi Kimura Jun Nakayama Makoto Nakamuta Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka Naoki Tanaka Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice Frontiers in Nutrition obesity acidic activated charcoal insulin resistance metabolic syndrome metabolomic analysis bile acid |
| title | Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_full | Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_fullStr | Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_short | Acidic Activated Charcoal Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_sort | acidic activated charcoal prevents obesity and insulin resistance in high fat diet fed mice |
| topic | obesity acidic activated charcoal insulin resistance metabolic syndrome metabolomic analysis bile acid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.852767/full |
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