Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major global contributor of cancer death, usually arises in a background of chronic liver disease, as a result of molecular changes that deregulate important signal transduction pathways. Recent studies have shown that certain molecular changes of hepatocarcinogenes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/15/3670 |
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| author | Prodromos Hytiroglou Paulette Bioulac-Sage Neil D. Theise Christine Sempoux |
| author_facet | Prodromos Hytiroglou Paulette Bioulac-Sage Neil D. Theise Christine Sempoux |
| author_sort | Prodromos Hytiroglou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major global contributor of cancer death, usually arises in a background of chronic liver disease, as a result of molecular changes that deregulate important signal transduction pathways. Recent studies have shown that certain molecular changes of hepatocarcinogenesis are associated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis, suggesting that subclassification of HCC is practically useful. On the other hand, subclassification of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), a heterogenous group of neoplasms, has been well established on the basis of genotype–phenotype correlations. Histologic examination, aided by immunohistochemistry, is the gold standard for the diagnosis and subclassification of HCA and HCC, while clinicopathologic correlation is essential for best patient management. Advances in clinico-radio-pathologic correlation have introduced a new approach for the diagnostic assessment of lesions arising in advanced chronic liver disease by imaging (LI-RADS). The rapid expansion of knowledge concerning the molecular pathogenesis of HCC is now starting to produce new therapeutic approaches through precision oncology. This review summarizes the etiology and pathogenesis of HCA and HCC, provides practical information for their histologic diagnosis (including an algorithmic approach), and addresses a variety of frequently asked questions regarding the diagnosis and practical implications of these neoplasms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:45:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae283a2daa9b48bbae4dced0d0fe515c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:45:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae283a2daa9b48bbae4dced0d0fe515c2023-11-30T22:13:50ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-07-011415367010.3390/cancers14153670Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular NeoplasmsProdromos Hytiroglou0Paulette Bioulac-Sage1Neil D. Theise2Christine Sempoux3Department of Pathology, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceINSERM, BRIC, U1312, University Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, FranceDepartment of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USAService of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1007 Lausanne, SwitzerlandHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major global contributor of cancer death, usually arises in a background of chronic liver disease, as a result of molecular changes that deregulate important signal transduction pathways. Recent studies have shown that certain molecular changes of hepatocarcinogenesis are associated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis, suggesting that subclassification of HCC is practically useful. On the other hand, subclassification of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), a heterogenous group of neoplasms, has been well established on the basis of genotype–phenotype correlations. Histologic examination, aided by immunohistochemistry, is the gold standard for the diagnosis and subclassification of HCA and HCC, while clinicopathologic correlation is essential for best patient management. Advances in clinico-radio-pathologic correlation have introduced a new approach for the diagnostic assessment of lesions arising in advanced chronic liver disease by imaging (LI-RADS). The rapid expansion of knowledge concerning the molecular pathogenesis of HCC is now starting to produce new therapeutic approaches through precision oncology. This review summarizes the etiology and pathogenesis of HCA and HCC, provides practical information for their histologic diagnosis (including an algorithmic approach), and addresses a variety of frequently asked questions regarding the diagnosis and practical implications of these neoplasms.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/15/3670hepatocellular adenomahepatocellular carcinomamolecular pathologyhistologic diagnosisdiagnostic algorithmLI-RADS |
| spellingShingle | Prodromos Hytiroglou Paulette Bioulac-Sage Neil D. Theise Christine Sempoux Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms Cancers hepatocellular adenoma hepatocellular carcinoma molecular pathology histologic diagnosis diagnostic algorithm LI-RADS |
| title | Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms |
| title_full | Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms |
| title_fullStr | Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms |
| title_short | Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Practical Implications of Hepatocellular Neoplasms |
| title_sort | etiology pathogenesis diagnosis and practical implications of hepatocellular neoplasms |
| topic | hepatocellular adenoma hepatocellular carcinoma molecular pathology histologic diagnosis diagnostic algorithm LI-RADS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/15/3670 |
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