Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs
The recent and continuous development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and small cameras with different spectral resolutions and imaging systems promotes new remote sensing platforms that can supply ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution, filling the gap between ground-based surveys and orbital...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1855 |
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| author | Diogo Olivetti Henrique Roig Jean-Michel Martinez Henrique Borges Alexandre Ferreira Raphael Casari Leandro Salles Edio Malta |
| author_facet | Diogo Olivetti Henrique Roig Jean-Michel Martinez Henrique Borges Alexandre Ferreira Raphael Casari Leandro Salles Edio Malta |
| author_sort | Diogo Olivetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recent and continuous development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and small cameras with different spectral resolutions and imaging systems promotes new remote sensing platforms that can supply ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution, filling the gap between ground-based surveys and orbital sensors. This work aimed to monitor siltation in two large rural and urban reservoirs by recording water color variations within a savanna biome in the central region of Brazil using a low cost and very light unmanned platform. Airborne surveys were conducted using a Parrot Sequoia camera (~0.15 kg) onboard a DJI Phantom 4 UAV (~1.4 kg) during dry and rainy seasons over inlet areas of both reservoirs. Field measurements of total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity were made jointly with the airborne survey campaigns. Field hyperspectral radiometry data were also collected during two field surveys. Bio-optical models for TSS were tested for all spectral bands of the Sequoia camera. The near-infrared single band was found to perform the best (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>: 0.94; RMSE: 7.8 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for a 0–180 mg L<sup>−1</sup> TSS range and was used to produce time series of TSS concentration maps of the study areas. This flexible platform enabled monitoring of the increase of TSS concentration at a ~13 cm spatial resolution in urban and rural drainages in the rainy season. Aerial surveys allowed us to map TSS load fluctuations in a 1 week period during which no satellite images were available due to continuous cloud coverage in the rainy season. This work demonstrates that a low-cost configuration allows dense TSS monitoring at the inlet areas of reservoirs and thus enables mapping of the sources of sediment inputs, supporting the definition of mitigation plans to limit the siltation process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:18:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae2bdff8815341b8a57294b2442bcfc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:18:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae2bdff8815341b8a57294b2442bcfc32023-11-20T03:12:56ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-06-011211185510.3390/rs12111855Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in ReservoirsDiogo Olivetti0Henrique Roig1Jean-Michel Martinez2Henrique Borges3Alexandre Ferreira4Raphael Casari5Leandro Salles6Edio Malta7Institute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilGéosciences Environment Toulouse (GET), UMR5563, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 3, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilInstitute of Geosciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC-Ala Central-CEP 70, Brasília 910-900, BrazilThe recent and continuous development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and small cameras with different spectral resolutions and imaging systems promotes new remote sensing platforms that can supply ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution, filling the gap between ground-based surveys and orbital sensors. This work aimed to monitor siltation in two large rural and urban reservoirs by recording water color variations within a savanna biome in the central region of Brazil using a low cost and very light unmanned platform. Airborne surveys were conducted using a Parrot Sequoia camera (~0.15 kg) onboard a DJI Phantom 4 UAV (~1.4 kg) during dry and rainy seasons over inlet areas of both reservoirs. Field measurements of total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity were made jointly with the airborne survey campaigns. Field hyperspectral radiometry data were also collected during two field surveys. Bio-optical models for TSS were tested for all spectral bands of the Sequoia camera. The near-infrared single band was found to perform the best (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>: 0.94; RMSE: 7.8 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) for a 0–180 mg L<sup>−1</sup> TSS range and was used to produce time series of TSS concentration maps of the study areas. This flexible platform enabled monitoring of the increase of TSS concentration at a ~13 cm spatial resolution in urban and rural drainages in the rainy season. Aerial surveys allowed us to map TSS load fluctuations in a 1 week period during which no satellite images were available due to continuous cloud coverage in the rainy season. This work demonstrates that a low-cost configuration allows dense TSS monitoring at the inlet areas of reservoirs and thus enables mapping of the sources of sediment inputs, supporting the definition of mitigation plans to limit the siltation process.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1855water qualityinland watertotal suspended solidsremote sensingUAVremotely piloted aircraft |
| spellingShingle | Diogo Olivetti Henrique Roig Jean-Michel Martinez Henrique Borges Alexandre Ferreira Raphael Casari Leandro Salles Edio Malta Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs Remote Sensing water quality inland water total suspended solids remote sensing UAV remotely piloted aircraft |
| title | Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs |
| title_full | Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs |
| title_fullStr | Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs |
| title_short | Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs |
| title_sort | low cost unmanned aerial multispectral imagery for siltation monitoring in reservoirs |
| topic | water quality inland water total suspended solids remote sensing UAV remotely piloted aircraft |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1855 |
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