| Summary: | Hazardous dyes in industrial wastewater are an internationally recognized issue for community health. Nanoparticles synthesized through green protocols are a fascinating research field with numerous applications. The current study mainly aimed to investigate the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under UV light in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). For CuONP formation, <i>Citrus maxima</i> extract contains a high number of phytochemical constituents. The size of CuONPs ranges between 25 and 90 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CuONPs with the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was observed and analyzed under UV light to eliminate CR dye. The UV light caused the decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which produced ·OH radicals. The results revealed a significant increment in dye degradation during the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The effect of concentration on the degradation of the CR dye was also studied. The degradation pathway of organic pollutants was reputable from the hydroxy radical medicated degradation of CR. Advanced Oxidation Treatment depends on the in situ production of reactive ·OH species and is presented as the most effective procedure for decontamination. The biological activity of CuONPs was evaluated against <i>Escherichia coli Bacillus subtillis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Shigella flexenari</i>, <i>Acinetobacter Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i> and <i>Micrococcus luteus.</i> The newly synthesised nanomaterials showed strong inhibition activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (45%), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (42%) and <i>Acinetobacter species</i> (25%). The activity of CuONPs was also investigated against different fungus species such as: <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>A. niger</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, <i>T. longifusus</i>, <i>M. Canis</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i> and showed a good inhibition zone against <i>Candida glabrata</i> 75%, <i>Aspergillus flavus 68%</i>, T. <i>longifusus</i> 60%. The materials showed good activity against <i>C. glaberata</i>, <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>T. longifusus.</i> Furthermore, CuONPs were tested for antioxidant properties using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH).
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