The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour
The number and size distributions of the water dispersed phase have a significant effect on both the long-term stability of an emulsion, and the probability of micro-explosions inside an engine. The emulsions are subjected to intense pressure and shear flow in the fuel injection equipment resulting...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-06-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1650 |
| _version_ | 1818001180395044864 |
|---|---|
| author | Mhadi A. Ismael Morgan R. Heikal A. Rashid A. Aziz Cyril Crua |
| author_facet | Mhadi A. Ismael Morgan R. Heikal A. Rashid A. Aziz Cyril Crua |
| author_sort | Mhadi A. Ismael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number and size distributions of the water dispersed phase have a significant effect on both the long-term stability of an emulsion, and the probability of micro-explosions inside an engine. The emulsions are subjected to intense pressure and shear flow in the fuel injection equipment resulting in changes in the number and size distributions of the dispersed phase. These changes, in turn, have significant effects on the micro-explosion behavior of the droplets. To our knowledge, these effects are not known and have not been reported previously. To uncover some of these effects we carried out a comprehensive experimental investigation on an emulsion spray of 10% water (by volume) in diesel at different injection pressures of 500, 1000 and 1500 bar. A measurement system consisting of a high-speed camera was used to visualize the droplets’ micro-explosions and a thermocouple measured the temperature. Our measurements indicated that the emulsion shear in the injector nozzle shifted the emulsion droplet size distribution towards the smaller end resulting in a delay in the onset of micro-explosion. This delay in the onset of the micro-explosion is thought to be due to the decrease in the dispersed water coalescence rate which, in turn, increases the stability of the emulsion. The results also show that this delay in the onset of micro-explosion, and the temperature required for its onset, increased with injection pressure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:31:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae33adf8e91042219d4d8e9f2e014121 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:31:12Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae33adf8e91042219d4d8e9f2e0141212022-12-22T02:14:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-06-01117165010.3390/en11071650en11071650The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion BehaviourMhadi A. Ismael0Morgan R. Heikal1A. Rashid A. Aziz2Cyril Crua3Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaSchool of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UKThe number and size distributions of the water dispersed phase have a significant effect on both the long-term stability of an emulsion, and the probability of micro-explosions inside an engine. The emulsions are subjected to intense pressure and shear flow in the fuel injection equipment resulting in changes in the number and size distributions of the dispersed phase. These changes, in turn, have significant effects on the micro-explosion behavior of the droplets. To our knowledge, these effects are not known and have not been reported previously. To uncover some of these effects we carried out a comprehensive experimental investigation on an emulsion spray of 10% water (by volume) in diesel at different injection pressures of 500, 1000 and 1500 bar. A measurement system consisting of a high-speed camera was used to visualize the droplets’ micro-explosions and a thermocouple measured the temperature. Our measurements indicated that the emulsion shear in the injector nozzle shifted the emulsion droplet size distribution towards the smaller end resulting in a delay in the onset of micro-explosion. This delay in the onset of the micro-explosion is thought to be due to the decrease in the dispersed water coalescence rate which, in turn, increases the stability of the emulsion. The results also show that this delay in the onset of micro-explosion, and the temperature required for its onset, increased with injection pressure.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1650water-in-dieselinjector shearingmicro-explosionpuffingdispersed water droplet |
| spellingShingle | Mhadi A. Ismael Morgan R. Heikal A. Rashid A. Aziz Cyril Crua The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour Energies water-in-diesel injector shearing micro-explosion puffing dispersed water droplet |
| title | The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour |
| title_full | The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour |
| title_short | The Effect of Fuel Injection Equipment of Water-In-Diesel Emulsions on Micro-Explosion Behaviour |
| title_sort | effect of fuel injection equipment of water in diesel emulsions on micro explosion behaviour |
| topic | water-in-diesel injector shearing micro-explosion puffing dispersed water droplet |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1650 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mhadiaismael theeffectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT morganrheikal theeffectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT arashidaaziz theeffectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT cyrilcrua theeffectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT mhadiaismael effectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT morganrheikal effectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT arashidaaziz effectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour AT cyrilcrua effectoffuelinjectionequipmentofwaterindieselemulsionsonmicroexplosionbehaviour |