Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation
Abstract Objectives This article reviews our experience and describes the literature findings of granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla. Methods After approval of the Institutional Review Board was obtained, the surgical pathological records from January 2000 to January 2017 were searched f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Insights into Imaging |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13244-017-0587-9 |
| _version_ | 1811255002311688192 |
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| author | Jeffery E. Illman Simone B. Terra Allison J. Clapp Katie N. Hunt Robert T. Fazzio Sejal S. Shah Katrina N. Glazebrook |
| author_facet | Jeffery E. Illman Simone B. Terra Allison J. Clapp Katie N. Hunt Robert T. Fazzio Sejal S. Shah Katrina N. Glazebrook |
| author_sort | Jeffery E. Illman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives This article reviews our experience and describes the literature findings of granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla. Methods After approval of the Institutional Review Board was obtained, the surgical pathological records from January 2000 to January 2017 were searched for the keyword granulomatous. Clinical, imaging and histology findings were reviewed by both a fellowship-trained radiologist and a breast-imaging consultant radiologist, reviewing 127 patients (age range, 32–86 years; 126 women and 1 man). Results Most common causes of granulomatous lesions of the breast and axilla included silicone granulomas 33% (n = 42), fat necrosis 29% (n = 37) and suture granulomas 11% (n = 14). In 16% (n = 20), no cause could be found and clinical history was consistent with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Other granulomatous aetiologies included granulomatous infections, sarcoidosis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Causes of axillary granulomatous disease were similar to the breast; however, a case of cat-scratch disease was found that only involved the axillary lymph nodes. They can have a variable appearance on imaging and may mimic malignancy with irregular masses seen on mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Fistulas to the skin and nipple retraction can suggest chronicity and a granulomatous aetiology. Combination of clinical history, laboratory and imaging findings can be diagnostic. Conclusions Granulomatous processes of the breast are rare. The diagnosis can, however, be made if there is relevant history (prior trauma, silicone breast implants, lactation), laboratory (systemic or infectious processes) and imaging findings (fistula, nipple retraction). Recognising these entities is important for establishing pathological concordance after biopsy and for preventing unnecessary treatment. Teaching points Breast granulomatous are rare but can mimic breast carcinoma on imaging Imaging with clinical and laboratory findings can correctly diagnosis specific granulomatous breast diseases Recognition of the imaging findings allows appropriate pathological concordance and treatment |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:16:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae3b9d2aa1aa4e0881417a401c0465b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1869-4101 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:16:10Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insights into Imaging |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae3b9d2aa1aa4e0881417a401c0465b32022-12-22T03:23:38ZengSpringerOpenInsights into Imaging1869-41012018-02-0191597110.1007/s13244-017-0587-9Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlationJeffery E. Illman0Simone B. Terra1Allison J. Clapp2Katie N. Hunt3Robert T. Fazzio4Sejal S. Shah5Katrina N. Glazebrook6Department of Radiology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicSanford Broadway ClinicDepartment of Radiology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Radiology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Radiology, Mayo ClinicAbstract Objectives This article reviews our experience and describes the literature findings of granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla. Methods After approval of the Institutional Review Board was obtained, the surgical pathological records from January 2000 to January 2017 were searched for the keyword granulomatous. Clinical, imaging and histology findings were reviewed by both a fellowship-trained radiologist and a breast-imaging consultant radiologist, reviewing 127 patients (age range, 32–86 years; 126 women and 1 man). Results Most common causes of granulomatous lesions of the breast and axilla included silicone granulomas 33% (n = 42), fat necrosis 29% (n = 37) and suture granulomas 11% (n = 14). In 16% (n = 20), no cause could be found and clinical history was consistent with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Other granulomatous aetiologies included granulomatous infections, sarcoidosis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Causes of axillary granulomatous disease were similar to the breast; however, a case of cat-scratch disease was found that only involved the axillary lymph nodes. They can have a variable appearance on imaging and may mimic malignancy with irregular masses seen on mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Fistulas to the skin and nipple retraction can suggest chronicity and a granulomatous aetiology. Combination of clinical history, laboratory and imaging findings can be diagnostic. Conclusions Granulomatous processes of the breast are rare. The diagnosis can, however, be made if there is relevant history (prior trauma, silicone breast implants, lactation), laboratory (systemic or infectious processes) and imaging findings (fistula, nipple retraction). Recognising these entities is important for establishing pathological concordance after biopsy and for preventing unnecessary treatment. Teaching points Breast granulomatous are rare but can mimic breast carcinoma on imaging Imaging with clinical and laboratory findings can correctly diagnosis specific granulomatous breast diseases Recognition of the imaging findings allows appropriate pathological concordance and treatmenthttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13244-017-0587-9BreastGranulomatous mastitisMammographyMRIUltrasonography |
| spellingShingle | Jeffery E. Illman Simone B. Terra Allison J. Clapp Katie N. Hunt Robert T. Fazzio Sejal S. Shah Katrina N. Glazebrook Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation Insights into Imaging Breast Granulomatous mastitis Mammography MRI Ultrasonography |
| title | Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| title_full | Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| title_fullStr | Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| title_short | Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| title_sort | granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla radiological findings with pathological correlation |
| topic | Breast Granulomatous mastitis Mammography MRI Ultrasonography |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13244-017-0587-9 |
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