Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge
Removal of organic pollutants and metal ions from produced water by adsorption, using prepared activated carbon (AC) from sewage sludge, with chemical activations using NaOH, KOH and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> separately and pyrolysis at different temperatures (500, 600 and 700 °C). Pure sludge an...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Salam K. Al Dawery Maroa K. Al-Sawai Ghatara M. S. Al Muzami Sri Hari K. Annamareddy Muataz S. Al Dawari Ramzi H. Harharah Hamed N. Harharah Abdelfattah Amari |
| author_facet | Salam K. Al Dawery Maroa K. Al-Sawai Ghatara M. S. Al Muzami Sri Hari K. Annamareddy Muataz S. Al Dawari Ramzi H. Harharah Hamed N. Harharah Abdelfattah Amari |
| author_sort | Salam K. Al Dawery |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Removal of organic pollutants and metal ions from produced water by adsorption, using prepared activated carbon (AC) from sewage sludge, with chemical activations using NaOH, KOH and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> separately and pyrolysis at different temperatures (500, 600 and 700 °C). Pure sludge and prepared ACs were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The results showed 18% crystallinity compared to that of commercial AC, which has 44% crystallinity. The results of FTIR demonstrate that the properties of the post-treated affect the final products depending on the method used and that it contains similar functional groups to those present in the commercial AC, but at a higher peak intensity. Adsorption treatments were carried out at 25, 35 and 45 °C solution temperatures. The results showed that the removal of pollutants from produced water using prepared AC with all types of chemical activations reached 99.5%, such as commercial AC with 0.06 g dosage of adsorbent at pyrolysis temperatures of 500 and 600 °C and a solution temperature of 25 °C. The obtained results refer to the mechanism of exothermic reaction and physical adsorption. It was observed that despite the lower dosage of adsorbent of 0.01 g, a sufficient treatment of pollutants was achieved. This reveals the effectiveness of using sewage sludge as a cheap adsorbent. Also, using pure sewage sludge, the adsorption data showed a 95.2% removal of the pollutants. This result indicated that pure sludge has an efficient adsorption capacity and can be utilized as a cheap and environmentally friendly material. For the removal of manganese and cadmium metal ions from the produced water, the resultant data showed that more than 90% of manganese was adsorbed and more than 97% of cadmium was adsorbed, especially when using pure sewage sludge and prepared activated carbon with NaOH chemical activation at pyrolysis temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:53:58Z |
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| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:53:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ae3e46557cf04bf48adf6420ff087c442023-11-19T18:06:17ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-09-01101051910.3390/separations10100519Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage SludgeSalam K. Al Dawery0Maroa K. Al-Sawai1Ghatara M. S. Al Muzami2Sri Hari K. Annamareddy3Muataz S. Al Dawari4Ramzi H. Harharah5Hamed N. Harharah6Abdelfattah Amari7Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa PC 616, OmanChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa PC 616, OmanChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa PC 616, OmanChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa PC 616, OmanChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, Nizwa PC 616, OmanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaRemoval of organic pollutants and metal ions from produced water by adsorption, using prepared activated carbon (AC) from sewage sludge, with chemical activations using NaOH, KOH and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> separately and pyrolysis at different temperatures (500, 600 and 700 °C). Pure sludge and prepared ACs were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The results showed 18% crystallinity compared to that of commercial AC, which has 44% crystallinity. The results of FTIR demonstrate that the properties of the post-treated affect the final products depending on the method used and that it contains similar functional groups to those present in the commercial AC, but at a higher peak intensity. Adsorption treatments were carried out at 25, 35 and 45 °C solution temperatures. The results showed that the removal of pollutants from produced water using prepared AC with all types of chemical activations reached 99.5%, such as commercial AC with 0.06 g dosage of adsorbent at pyrolysis temperatures of 500 and 600 °C and a solution temperature of 25 °C. The obtained results refer to the mechanism of exothermic reaction and physical adsorption. It was observed that despite the lower dosage of adsorbent of 0.01 g, a sufficient treatment of pollutants was achieved. This reveals the effectiveness of using sewage sludge as a cheap adsorbent. Also, using pure sewage sludge, the adsorption data showed a 95.2% removal of the pollutants. This result indicated that pure sludge has an efficient adsorption capacity and can be utilized as a cheap and environmentally friendly material. For the removal of manganese and cadmium metal ions from the produced water, the resultant data showed that more than 90% of manganese was adsorbed and more than 97% of cadmium was adsorbed, especially when using pure sewage sludge and prepared activated carbon with NaOH chemical activation at pyrolysis temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/10/519produced wateradsorptionsewage sludge |
| spellingShingle | Salam K. Al Dawery Maroa K. Al-Sawai Ghatara M. S. Al Muzami Sri Hari K. Annamareddy Muataz S. Al Dawari Ramzi H. Harharah Hamed N. Harharah Abdelfattah Amari Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge Separations produced water adsorption sewage sludge |
| title | Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge |
| title_full | Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge |
| title_fullStr | Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge |
| title_short | Treatment of Produced Water Using Prepared Activated Carbon-Based Sewage Sludge |
| title_sort | treatment of produced water using prepared activated carbon based sewage sludge |
| topic | produced water adsorption sewage sludge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/10/519 |
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