Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 15, termed Life on Land, is monitored by indicators and sub-indicators that largely deal with forest extent. In countries with structurally complex and species-rich forests, indicators and sub-indicators of forest quality are also needed to effecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Ecological Indicators |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24001110 |
| _version_ | 1797295826028986368 |
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| author | Andrew J. Hansen Jose Aragon-Osejo Iván González Jaris Veneros Anne Lucy Stilger Virnig Patrick Jantz Oscar Venter Scott Goetz James E.M. Watson Natalia Cordoba Susana Rodriguez Luisa Monroy Juan Iglesias Lenin Beltrán Daniel Borja Diego Ureta Jossie Tingo Carlos Oñate Freddy Valencia Holger Zambrano Tatiana Pequeño William Llactayo Walter Huamani Patricia Duran Alexs Arana Marco Arenas Claudia Pasquel Antonio Tovar Patricia Huerta |
| author_facet | Andrew J. Hansen Jose Aragon-Osejo Iván González Jaris Veneros Anne Lucy Stilger Virnig Patrick Jantz Oscar Venter Scott Goetz James E.M. Watson Natalia Cordoba Susana Rodriguez Luisa Monroy Juan Iglesias Lenin Beltrán Daniel Borja Diego Ureta Jossie Tingo Carlos Oñate Freddy Valencia Holger Zambrano Tatiana Pequeño William Llactayo Walter Huamani Patricia Duran Alexs Arana Marco Arenas Claudia Pasquel Antonio Tovar Patricia Huerta |
| author_sort | Andrew J. Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 15, termed Life on Land, is monitored by indicators and sub-indicators that largely deal with forest extent. In countries with structurally complex and species-rich forests, indicators and sub-indicators of forest quality are also needed to effectively monitor and sustain ecological integrity. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the use of complementary sub-indicators of forest quality for SDG15 reporting and conservation planning. Our objective is to apply these sub-indicators within Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru and evaluate spatial patterns and trends over time as a basis for revealing how the results complement the official indicators of forest extent and forest extent in protected areas in informing conservation. The sub-indicators of forest quality quantify naturalness, riparian forest, forest structure and integrity, forest fragmentation, and forest connectivity. We quantified change during 2000–2021 in these metrics and highlighted insights gained from the complementary sub-indicators of forest quality relative to the official sub-indicators based on forest extent,Forests covered about 60–70% of the forested ecoregions in each country in 2000 and this proportion declined in all three countries by approximately 4% by 2021. Only a subset of the forested area was of high forest quality. Natural forests represented about 40% of forests in Colombian and Ecuador in 2000 and 50% in Peru. Those proportions declined: by 6.3% in Colombia, 6.5% in Ecuador, and 3.4% in Peru. Even less of the forested area was Core Forest in 2013; less than 28% among countries. During 2013–2021, the proportion of forest that was Core decreased by 2.3% in Colombia, 4.5% in Ecuador, and 6.7% in Peru. Connected Forests were about 17–22% of forests among the countries in 2013 and declined 10.4% in Colombia, 1.6% in Ecuador, and 3.8% in Peru by 2021. Forests high in forest structure were 10–18% of forests in 2012 among the countries and increased by 1.1–2% by 2021. Forests of high integrity were 7–13% of forests in 2012 and increased by1.4–2% by 2021. Riparian forests represented less than about 7–9% among the countries and declined by 0.6–1.3% by 2021. Thus, the area of highly quality forest across the countries was substantially less than full forest extent and high-quality forest declined at a higher rate than forest extent during 2000–2021. Forest structure and integrity did increase slightly over this time period.Our results for trends in forest naturalness, riparian association, within stand structure, fragmentation, and connectivity demonstrate how consideration of forest quality provides a much stronger basis for evaluating success in meeting SDG15 targets than consideration of forest extent alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae42b4fefe6e48ed81dc65be732b4a58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1470-160X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecological Indicators |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae42b4fefe6e48ed81dc65be732b4a582024-02-25T04:35:02ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2024-02-01159111654Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and PeruAndrew J. Hansen0Jose Aragon-Osejo1Iván González2Jaris Veneros3Anne Lucy Stilger Virnig4Patrick Jantz5Oscar Venter6Scott Goetz7James E.M. Watson8Natalia Cordoba9Susana Rodriguez10Luisa Monroy11Juan Iglesias12Lenin Beltrán13Daniel Borja14Diego Ureta15Jossie Tingo16Carlos Oñate17Freddy Valencia18Holger Zambrano19Tatiana Pequeño20William Llactayo21Walter Huamani22Patricia Duran23Alexs Arana24Marco Arenas25Claudia Pasquel26Antonio Tovar27Patricia Huerta28Department of Ecology and Institute on Ecosystems, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Corresponding author.Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, CanadaSchool of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USADepartment of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USAUnited Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USASchool of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USANatural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, CanadaSchool of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USASchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaInstituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM) (TBC), ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbolt, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística de Colombia (DANE), ColombiaMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador (MAATE), EcuadorMinisterio del Ambiente del Perú (MINAM), PeruMinisterio del Ambiente del Perú (MINAM), PeruMinisterio del Ambiente del Perú (MINAM), PeruServicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), PeruServicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), PeruServicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP), PeruServicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP), PeruCentro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC-UNALM), PeruPrograma de las Naciones Unidas del Desarrollo - Perú (PNUD), PeruThe UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 15, termed Life on Land, is monitored by indicators and sub-indicators that largely deal with forest extent. In countries with structurally complex and species-rich forests, indicators and sub-indicators of forest quality are also needed to effectively monitor and sustain ecological integrity. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the use of complementary sub-indicators of forest quality for SDG15 reporting and conservation planning. Our objective is to apply these sub-indicators within Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru and evaluate spatial patterns and trends over time as a basis for revealing how the results complement the official indicators of forest extent and forest extent in protected areas in informing conservation. The sub-indicators of forest quality quantify naturalness, riparian forest, forest structure and integrity, forest fragmentation, and forest connectivity. We quantified change during 2000–2021 in these metrics and highlighted insights gained from the complementary sub-indicators of forest quality relative to the official sub-indicators based on forest extent,Forests covered about 60–70% of the forested ecoregions in each country in 2000 and this proportion declined in all three countries by approximately 4% by 2021. Only a subset of the forested area was of high forest quality. Natural forests represented about 40% of forests in Colombian and Ecuador in 2000 and 50% in Peru. Those proportions declined: by 6.3% in Colombia, 6.5% in Ecuador, and 3.4% in Peru. Even less of the forested area was Core Forest in 2013; less than 28% among countries. During 2013–2021, the proportion of forest that was Core decreased by 2.3% in Colombia, 4.5% in Ecuador, and 6.7% in Peru. Connected Forests were about 17–22% of forests among the countries in 2013 and declined 10.4% in Colombia, 1.6% in Ecuador, and 3.8% in Peru by 2021. Forests high in forest structure were 10–18% of forests in 2012 among the countries and increased by 1.1–2% by 2021. Forests of high integrity were 7–13% of forests in 2012 and increased by1.4–2% by 2021. Riparian forests represented less than about 7–9% among the countries and declined by 0.6–1.3% by 2021. Thus, the area of highly quality forest across the countries was substantially less than full forest extent and high-quality forest declined at a higher rate than forest extent during 2000–2021. Forest structure and integrity did increase slightly over this time period.Our results for trends in forest naturalness, riparian association, within stand structure, fragmentation, and connectivity demonstrate how consideration of forest quality provides a much stronger basis for evaluating success in meeting SDG15 targets than consideration of forest extent alone.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24001110Forest qualityConservation planningNational sub-indicatorsSustainable Development Goal 15 |
| spellingShingle | Andrew J. Hansen Jose Aragon-Osejo Iván González Jaris Veneros Anne Lucy Stilger Virnig Patrick Jantz Oscar Venter Scott Goetz James E.M. Watson Natalia Cordoba Susana Rodriguez Luisa Monroy Juan Iglesias Lenin Beltrán Daniel Borja Diego Ureta Jossie Tingo Carlos Oñate Freddy Valencia Holger Zambrano Tatiana Pequeño William Llactayo Walter Huamani Patricia Duran Alexs Arana Marco Arenas Claudia Pasquel Antonio Tovar Patricia Huerta Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru Ecological Indicators Forest quality Conservation planning National sub-indicators Sustainable Development Goal 15 |
| title | Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| title_full | Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| title_fullStr | Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| title_short | Developing national complementary indicators of SDG15 that consider forest quality: Applications in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| title_sort | developing national complementary indicators of sdg15 that consider forest quality applications in colombia ecuador and peru |
| topic | Forest quality Conservation planning National sub-indicators Sustainable Development Goal 15 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X24001110 |
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