Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts
Abstract Background A study carried out by World Health Organization revealed that around 80% of individuals globally depends on herbal forms of medication with 40% of pharmaceutical products being sourced from medicinal plants. The study objective was to evaluate the phytochemicals composition, in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04449-7 |
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| author | Wangui Clement Mwangi Walyambillah Waudo Madivoli Edwin Shigwenya Joyline Gichuki |
| author_facet | Wangui Clement Mwangi Walyambillah Waudo Madivoli Edwin Shigwenya Joyline Gichuki |
| author_sort | Wangui Clement Mwangi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background A study carried out by World Health Organization revealed that around 80% of individuals globally depends on herbal forms of medication with 40% of pharmaceutical products being sourced from medicinal plants. The study objective was to evaluate the phytochemicals composition, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Terminalia catappa L. aqueous and methanolic extracts. Methods Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by disk diffusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration in-vitro assays with ciprofloxacin as the standard for antibacterial assay while nystatin for antifungal assay. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assays were used for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of the crude extracts while the groups responsible for this activity identified using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Results The study found that the leaves of Terminalia catappa contained alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and coumarins, but terpenoids were absent. Presence of functional groups associated with this class of compounds such as OH vibrational frequencies were observed in IR spectrum of the crude extracts. Methanolic extract from Terminalia catappa exhibited greater antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas aqueous extract displayed greater antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis for all concentrations tested. The amount of the sample that scavenged 50 percent of DPPH (IC50) was found to be 8.723, 13.42 and 13.04 µg/mL for L-ascorbic acid, Terminalia catappa L. methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities varied with the extract concentration and solvent used in extractions. Conclusion Terminalia catappa L. leaves are prospective for use as a source of therapeutic agents that could lead to the advancement of new antimicrobial and antioxidant products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:42:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae45d29b6d2f4a5f8d016ef98213bebd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:42:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae45d29b6d2f4a5f8d016ef98213bebd2024-04-07T11:08:22ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712024-04-0124111110.1186/s12906-024-04449-7Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extractsWangui Clement Mwangi0Walyambillah Waudo1Madivoli Edwin Shigwenya2Joyline Gichuki3Chemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyChemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyChemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyChemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyAbstract Background A study carried out by World Health Organization revealed that around 80% of individuals globally depends on herbal forms of medication with 40% of pharmaceutical products being sourced from medicinal plants. The study objective was to evaluate the phytochemicals composition, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Terminalia catappa L. aqueous and methanolic extracts. Methods Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by disk diffusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration in-vitro assays with ciprofloxacin as the standard for antibacterial assay while nystatin for antifungal assay. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assays were used for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of the crude extracts while the groups responsible for this activity identified using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Results The study found that the leaves of Terminalia catappa contained alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and coumarins, but terpenoids were absent. Presence of functional groups associated with this class of compounds such as OH vibrational frequencies were observed in IR spectrum of the crude extracts. Methanolic extract from Terminalia catappa exhibited greater antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas aqueous extract displayed greater antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis for all concentrations tested. The amount of the sample that scavenged 50 percent of DPPH (IC50) was found to be 8.723, 13.42 and 13.04 µg/mL for L-ascorbic acid, Terminalia catappa L. methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities varied with the extract concentration and solvent used in extractions. Conclusion Terminalia catappa L. leaves are prospective for use as a source of therapeutic agents that could lead to the advancement of new antimicrobial and antioxidant products.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04449-7T. catappa L.Antimicrobial activityAntioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Wangui Clement Mwangi Walyambillah Waudo Madivoli Edwin Shigwenya Joyline Gichuki Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies T. catappa L. Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant activity |
| title | Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| title_full | Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| title_short | Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| title_sort | phytochemical characterization antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts |
| topic | T. catappa L. Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant activity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04449-7 |
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