Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
Peripheral immune self-tolerance relies on protective mechanisms to control autoreactive T cells that escape deletion in the thymus. Suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes is necessary to avoid autoimmunity and immune cell–mediated damage of healthy tissues. An intriguing relationship has emerged b...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2018-12-01
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| Series: | F1000Research |
| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1938/v1 |
| _version_ | 1828155820818300928 |
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| author | Milagros Silva Morales Daniel Mueller |
| author_facet | Milagros Silva Morales Daniel Mueller |
| author_sort | Milagros Silva Morales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peripheral immune self-tolerance relies on protective mechanisms to control autoreactive T cells that escape deletion in the thymus. Suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes is necessary to avoid autoimmunity and immune cell–mediated damage of healthy tissues. An intriguing relationship has emerged between two mechanisms of peripheral tolerance—induction of anergy and Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells—and is not yet well understood. A subpopulation of autoreactive anergic CD4 T cells is a precursor of Treg cells. We now hypothesize that phenotypic and mechanistic features of Treg cells can provide insights to understand the mechanisms behind anergy-derived Treg cell differentiation. In this short review, we will highlight several inherent similarities between the anergic state in conventional CD4 T cells as compared with fully differentiated natural Foxp3+ Treg cells and then propose a model whereby modulations in metabolic programming lead to changes in DNA methylation at the Foxp3 locus to allow Foxp3 expression following the reversal of anergy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:59:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae4b0ba67af5452298aca3e393f29dff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:59:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae4b0ba67af5452298aca3e393f29dff2022-12-22T03:58:14ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022018-12-01710.12688/f1000research.16551.118089Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved]Milagros Silva Morales0Daniel Mueller1Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USADivision of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USAPeripheral immune self-tolerance relies on protective mechanisms to control autoreactive T cells that escape deletion in the thymus. Suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes is necessary to avoid autoimmunity and immune cell–mediated damage of healthy tissues. An intriguing relationship has emerged between two mechanisms of peripheral tolerance—induction of anergy and Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells—and is not yet well understood. A subpopulation of autoreactive anergic CD4 T cells is a precursor of Treg cells. We now hypothesize that phenotypic and mechanistic features of Treg cells can provide insights to understand the mechanisms behind anergy-derived Treg cell differentiation. In this short review, we will highlight several inherent similarities between the anergic state in conventional CD4 T cells as compared with fully differentiated natural Foxp3+ Treg cells and then propose a model whereby modulations in metabolic programming lead to changes in DNA methylation at the Foxp3 locus to allow Foxp3 expression following the reversal of anergy.https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1938/v1 |
| spellingShingle | Milagros Silva Morales Daniel Mueller Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] F1000Research |
| title | Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2 [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | anergy into t regulatory cells an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the foxp3 conserved non coding sequence 2 version 1 referees 2 approved |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1938/v1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT milagrossilvamorales anergyintotregulatorycellsanintegrationofmetaboliccuesandepigeneticchangesatthefoxp3conservednoncodingsequence2version1referees2approved AT danielmueller anergyintotregulatorycellsanintegrationofmetaboliccuesandepigeneticchangesatthefoxp3conservednoncodingsequence2version1referees2approved |