Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features
Abstract Background Pigmentary keratitis (PK) is commonly recognised in Pugs, but its aetiology is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated features of PK in Pugs in the United Kingdom (UK). Results A total of 210 Pugs (420 eyes) were recruited...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-2127-y |
| _version_ | 1818228229800984576 |
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| author | S. Maini R. Everson C. Dawson Y. M. Chang C. Hartley R. F. Sanchez |
| author_facet | S. Maini R. Everson C. Dawson Y. M. Chang C. Hartley R. F. Sanchez |
| author_sort | S. Maini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pigmentary keratitis (PK) is commonly recognised in Pugs, but its aetiology is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated features of PK in Pugs in the United Kingdom (UK). Results A total of 210 Pugs (420 eyes) were recruited from 12 UK dog shows and social events. The median age of Pugs recruited was 2.50 years (range 0.25–16.25 years). Pigmentary keratitis was detected in 369/420 (87.8%) eyes and in at least one eye 193/210 (91.9%) Pugs, of which 17/193 (8.8%) were affected unilaterally and 176/193 (91.2%) bilaterally. Pigmentary keratitis was typically mild to moderate (46.3 and 49.9% of eyes, respectively). Detection of PK was significantly associated with increased age (P = 0.002) and the presence of medial entropion of the lower eyelid (MELE) (P = 0.001). Severity of PK was significantly associated with the grade of MELE (P < 0.001). There was also a correlation between the presence of limbal pigment and PK (P = 0.036) that warrants further study. Conclusions This study estimated a high disease prevalence of PK in UK Pugs, and demonstrated significant associations with age and the presence of MELE. These associations, which have not been previously reported, offer an insight into the underlying pathophysiology of this condition in Pugs. The results encourage further population research, such as prospective longitudinal studies. These findings also support the development of clinical and breeding strategies based on the reduction of MELE and, possibly, limbal pigment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:59:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae5d16ace71f4ce0acc2cc93651fc3bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:59:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae5d16ace71f4ce0acc2cc93651fc3bc2022-12-22T00:28:02ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482019-10-0115111110.1186/s12917-019-2127-yPigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated featuresS. Maini0R. Everson1C. Dawson2Y. M. Chang3C. Hartley4R. F. Sanchez5Langford Veterinary Services, University of BristolNorth Downs Specialist ReferralsThe Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, Department of Clinical Science and Services, University of LondonResearch Office, The Royal Veterinary College, Camden CampusLangford Veterinary Services, University of BristolOphthalmology Service, Specialistische Dierenkliniek Utrecht (part of Anicura)Abstract Background Pigmentary keratitis (PK) is commonly recognised in Pugs, but its aetiology is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated features of PK in Pugs in the United Kingdom (UK). Results A total of 210 Pugs (420 eyes) were recruited from 12 UK dog shows and social events. The median age of Pugs recruited was 2.50 years (range 0.25–16.25 years). Pigmentary keratitis was detected in 369/420 (87.8%) eyes and in at least one eye 193/210 (91.9%) Pugs, of which 17/193 (8.8%) were affected unilaterally and 176/193 (91.2%) bilaterally. Pigmentary keratitis was typically mild to moderate (46.3 and 49.9% of eyes, respectively). Detection of PK was significantly associated with increased age (P = 0.002) and the presence of medial entropion of the lower eyelid (MELE) (P = 0.001). Severity of PK was significantly associated with the grade of MELE (P < 0.001). There was also a correlation between the presence of limbal pigment and PK (P = 0.036) that warrants further study. Conclusions This study estimated a high disease prevalence of PK in UK Pugs, and demonstrated significant associations with age and the presence of MELE. These associations, which have not been previously reported, offer an insight into the underlying pathophysiology of this condition in Pugs. The results encourage further population research, such as prospective longitudinal studies. These findings also support the development of clinical and breeding strategies based on the reduction of MELE and, possibly, limbal pigment.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-2127-yEntropionBrachycephalicCanineCorneaPigmentKeratitis |
| spellingShingle | S. Maini R. Everson C. Dawson Y. M. Chang C. Hartley R. F. Sanchez Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features BMC Veterinary Research Entropion Brachycephalic Canine Cornea Pigment Keratitis |
| title | Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features |
| title_full | Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features |
| title_fullStr | Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features |
| title_short | Pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the United Kingdom: prevalence and associated features |
| title_sort | pigmentary keratitis in pugs in the united kingdom prevalence and associated features |
| topic | Entropion Brachycephalic Canine Cornea Pigment Keratitis |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-2127-y |
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