Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism
Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8346 |
| _version_ | 1797441984141459456 |
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| author | Eduardo Anitua Roberto Prado Sabino Padilla |
| author_facet | Eduardo Anitua Roberto Prado Sabino Padilla |
| author_sort | Eduardo Anitua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their convergence in function, immunoclotting and immunothrombosis are deployed by different blood cells and intravascular multidomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins share some domains with intrinsic chemical affinities useful in generating cooperative networks such as pathogen and damage pattern recognition molecules. Moreover, many of the proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in humans are multifunctional molecules playing roles in other processes from inflammation to healing and beyond. In our modern society, however, the interaction of activated intravascular allosteric proteins with one another and with blood cells entails vulnerabilities posing a biological paradox: intravascular proteins that locally operate as tissue repair enhancers can nevertheless generate pathogenic processes by acting systemically. In this manuscript, we contextualize and frame the coagulation system and hemostasis through an evolutionary time scale, illustrating their role as dual players in the defense against exsanguination and pathogens while significantly influencing wound healing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:35:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae66af229e134bfdad8e377caccdbbc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:35:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae66af229e134bfdad8e377caccdbbc62023-11-30T22:25:47ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-07-012315834610.3390/ijms23158346Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing MechanismEduardo Anitua0Roberto Prado1Sabino Padilla2BTI—Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, SpainBTI—Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, SpainBTI—Biotechnology Institute I MAS D, 01007 Vitoria, SpainBoth invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their convergence in function, immunoclotting and immunothrombosis are deployed by different blood cells and intravascular multidomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins share some domains with intrinsic chemical affinities useful in generating cooperative networks such as pathogen and damage pattern recognition molecules. Moreover, many of the proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in humans are multifunctional molecules playing roles in other processes from inflammation to healing and beyond. In our modern society, however, the interaction of activated intravascular allosteric proteins with one another and with blood cells entails vulnerabilities posing a biological paradox: intravascular proteins that locally operate as tissue repair enhancers can nevertheless generate pathogenic processes by acting systemically. In this manuscript, we contextualize and frame the coagulation system and hemostasis through an evolutionary time scale, illustrating their role as dual players in the defense against exsanguination and pathogens while significantly influencing wound healing.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8346evolutionhealingcoagulationhemostasisplateletsfibrinogen |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Anitua Roberto Prado Sabino Padilla Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism International Journal of Molecular Sciences evolution healing coagulation hemostasis platelets fibrinogen |
| title | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
| title_full | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
| title_short | Evolutionary Insight into Immunothrombosis as a Healing Mechanism |
| title_sort | evolutionary insight into immunothrombosis as a healing mechanism |
| topic | evolution healing coagulation hemostasis platelets fibrinogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/15/8346 |
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