The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Poultry meat is one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, an acute bacterial enteritis which is a major problem worldwide. <it>Campylobacter </it><it>coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2010-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/10/232 |
| _version_ | 1828837696274956288 |
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| author | Carvalho Carla M Gannon Ben W Halfhide Deborah E Santos Silvio B Hayes Christine M Roe John M Azeredo Joana |
| author_facet | Carvalho Carla M Gannon Ben W Halfhide Deborah E Santos Silvio B Hayes Christine M Roe John M Azeredo Joana |
| author_sort | Carvalho Carla M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Poultry meat is one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, an acute bacterial enteritis which is a major problem worldwide. <it>Campylobacter </it><it>coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter </it><it>jejuni </it>are the most common <it>Campylobacter </it>species associated with this disease. These pathogens live in the intestinal tract of most avian species and under commercial conditions they spread rapidly to infect a high proportion of the flock, which makes their treatment and prevention very difficult. Bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring predators of bacteria with high specificity and also the capacity to evolve to overcome bacterial resistance. Therefore phage therapy is a promising alternative to antibiotics in animal production. This study tested the efficacy of a phage cocktail composed of three phages for the control of poultry infected with <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni</it>. Moreover, it evaluated the effectiveness of two routes of phage administration (by oral gavage and in feed) in order to provide additional information regarding their future use in a poultry unit.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results indicate that experimental colonisation of chicks was successful and that the birds showed no signs of disease even at the highest dose of <it>Campylobacter </it>administered. The phage cocktail was able to reduce the titre of both <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>in faeces by approximately 2 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/g when administered by oral gavage and in feed. This reduction persisted throughout the experimental period and neither pathogen regained their former numbers. The reduction in <it>Campylobacter </it>titre was achieved earlier (2 days post-phage administration) when the phage cocktail was incorporated in the birds' feed. <it>Campylobacter </it>strains resistant to phage infection were recovered from phage-treated chickens at a frequency of 13%. These resistant phenotypes did not exhibit a reduced ability to colonize the chicken guts and did not revert to sensitive types.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings provide further evidence of the efficacy of phage therapy for the control of <it>Campylobacter </it>in poultry. The broad host range of the novel phage cocktail enabled it to target both <it>C. jejuni </it>and <it>C. coli </it>strains. Moreover the reduction of <it>Campylobacter </it>by approximately 2 log<sub>10</sub>cfu/g, as occurred in our study, could lead to a 30-fold reduction in the incidence of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of chicken meals (according to mathematical models). To our knowledge this is the first report of phage being administered in feed to <it>Campylobacter-</it>infected chicks and our results show that it lead to an earlier and more sustainable reduction of <it>Campylobacter </it>than administration by oral gavage. Therefore the present study is of extreme importance as it has shown that administering phages to poultry via the food could be successful on a commercial scale.</p> |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2010-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae6e382cdf8c401687cc131adef4b9b62022-12-22T00:15:29ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802010-09-0110123210.1186/1471-2180-10-232The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickensCarvalho Carla MGannon Ben WHalfhide Deborah ESantos Silvio BHayes Christine MRoe John MAzeredo Joana<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Poultry meat is one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, an acute bacterial enteritis which is a major problem worldwide. <it>Campylobacter </it><it>coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter </it><it>jejuni </it>are the most common <it>Campylobacter </it>species associated with this disease. These pathogens live in the intestinal tract of most avian species and under commercial conditions they spread rapidly to infect a high proportion of the flock, which makes their treatment and prevention very difficult. Bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring predators of bacteria with high specificity and also the capacity to evolve to overcome bacterial resistance. Therefore phage therapy is a promising alternative to antibiotics in animal production. This study tested the efficacy of a phage cocktail composed of three phages for the control of poultry infected with <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni</it>. Moreover, it evaluated the effectiveness of two routes of phage administration (by oral gavage and in feed) in order to provide additional information regarding their future use in a poultry unit.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results indicate that experimental colonisation of chicks was successful and that the birds showed no signs of disease even at the highest dose of <it>Campylobacter </it>administered. The phage cocktail was able to reduce the titre of both <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>in faeces by approximately 2 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/g when administered by oral gavage and in feed. This reduction persisted throughout the experimental period and neither pathogen regained their former numbers. The reduction in <it>Campylobacter </it>titre was achieved earlier (2 days post-phage administration) when the phage cocktail was incorporated in the birds' feed. <it>Campylobacter </it>strains resistant to phage infection were recovered from phage-treated chickens at a frequency of 13%. These resistant phenotypes did not exhibit a reduced ability to colonize the chicken guts and did not revert to sensitive types.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings provide further evidence of the efficacy of phage therapy for the control of <it>Campylobacter </it>in poultry. The broad host range of the novel phage cocktail enabled it to target both <it>C. jejuni </it>and <it>C. coli </it>strains. Moreover the reduction of <it>Campylobacter </it>by approximately 2 log<sub>10</sub>cfu/g, as occurred in our study, could lead to a 30-fold reduction in the incidence of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of chicken meals (according to mathematical models). To our knowledge this is the first report of phage being administered in feed to <it>Campylobacter-</it>infected chicks and our results show that it lead to an earlier and more sustainable reduction of <it>Campylobacter </it>than administration by oral gavage. Therefore the present study is of extreme importance as it has shown that administering phages to poultry via the food could be successful on a commercial scale.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/10/232 |
| spellingShingle | Carvalho Carla M Gannon Ben W Halfhide Deborah E Santos Silvio B Hayes Christine M Roe John M Azeredo Joana The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens BMC Microbiology |
| title | The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens |
| title_full | The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens |
| title_fullStr | The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens |
| title_short | The <it>in vivo </it>efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of <it>Campylobacter coli </it>and <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>in chickens |
| title_sort | it in vivo it efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of it campylobacter coli it and it campylobacter jejuni it in chickens |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/10/232 |
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