Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019
One of the greatest challenges in the study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been to establish the determining factors in the severity of the disease. Through extensive research efforts, a crucial factor responsible for disease control or exacerbation in COVID-19 has been identified—the re...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/1003115 |
| _version_ | 1797657969030070272 |
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| author | Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega Norma Estela Herrera-González |
| author_facet | Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega Norma Estela Herrera-González |
| author_sort | Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the greatest challenges in the study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been to establish the determining factors in the severity of the disease. Through extensive research efforts, a crucial factor responsible for disease control or exacerbation in COVID-19 has been identified—the regulation of the immune response. The abnormal release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been extensively studied in the context of the altered immune response observed in severe cases of COVID-19. However, recent attention has turned towards the excessive release of IL-17 and the increased presence of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, the main secretory cells of this cytokine. These factors have garnered interest due to their potential involvement in the cytokine storm observed in severe cases of COVID-19. In this review, it will be delved into the intricate mechanisms by which IL-6 contributes to the differentiation of Th17 cells, resulting in an increase in the population of Th17 cells. Moreover, it will be explored the proportional relationship between the increase of these lymphocytes and the release of IL-17 and other chemokines, which all together play a key role in promoting the chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils. Ultimately, this cascade of events culminates in the generation of tissue damage by neutrophils. Additionally, therapeutic options targeting these lymphocytes and cytokines are explored, providing insights into potential avenues for intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:52:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae6fd46f335c4f4d8474b15651b6ca21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2768-6655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:52:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration Publishing Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae6fd46f335c4f4d8474b15651b6ca212023-10-18T03:25:51ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Immunology2768-66552023-10-013549049910.37349/ei.2023.00115Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6902-5680Norma Estela Herrera-González1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-6955Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institutional Research Training Program, School of Medicine of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, MexicoLaboratory of Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate and Research Section, School of Medicine of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, MexicoOne of the greatest challenges in the study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been to establish the determining factors in the severity of the disease. Through extensive research efforts, a crucial factor responsible for disease control or exacerbation in COVID-19 has been identified—the regulation of the immune response. The abnormal release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been extensively studied in the context of the altered immune response observed in severe cases of COVID-19. However, recent attention has turned towards the excessive release of IL-17 and the increased presence of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, the main secretory cells of this cytokine. These factors have garnered interest due to their potential involvement in the cytokine storm observed in severe cases of COVID-19. In this review, it will be delved into the intricate mechanisms by which IL-6 contributes to the differentiation of Th17 cells, resulting in an increase in the population of Th17 cells. Moreover, it will be explored the proportional relationship between the increase of these lymphocytes and the release of IL-17 and other chemokines, which all together play a key role in promoting the chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils. Ultimately, this cascade of events culminates in the generation of tissue damage by neutrophils. Additionally, therapeutic options targeting these lymphocytes and cytokines are explored, providing insights into potential avenues for intervention.https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/1003115coronavirus disease 2019severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2t helper 17interleukin-17cytokine storm |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Angel Pardiño-Vega Norma Estela Herrera-González Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 Exploration of Immunology coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 t helper 17 interleukin-17 cytokine storm |
| title | Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| title_full | Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| title_short | Loss of regulation of T helper 17 cells: a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| title_sort | loss of regulation of t helper 17 cells a definitive factor for critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 |
| topic | coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 t helper 17 interleukin-17 cytokine storm |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/1003115 |
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