CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES

Cultural characteristics related to the values of national identity (patriotism, nationalism) and attitudes toward other peoples (xenophobia) represent important elements of cultural specificity that influence various dimensions of socioeconomic life, including economic processes. Unfortunately, th...

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Main Author: Sebastian Tocar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing” 2022-03-01
Series:Baltic Journal of Economic Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:http://baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/issue/article/view/1761
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author Sebastian Tocar
author_facet Sebastian Tocar
author_sort Sebastian Tocar
collection DOAJ
description Cultural characteristics related to the values of national identity (patriotism, nationalism) and attitudes toward other peoples (xenophobia) represent important elements of cultural specificity that influence various dimensions of socioeconomic life, including economic processes. Unfortunately, these specific characteristics are not often investigated, especially in this context, probably because of the difficulty of quantifying them and the general sensitivity of the topic. This study presents an original approach to the study of nationalist-xenophobic attitudes and their relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this study is to identify theoretical benchmarks for approaching the topic of nationalism-xenophobia, to develop a synthetic indicator to quantify nationalism-xenophobic attitudes, and to highlight the mechanism of their influence on FDI attraction. The methodology used for conducting this research comprises the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction (for logical connections and theoretical argumentation), weighted average technique (for the elaboration of Nationalism-xenophobia Index), Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of internal consistency (to test the reliability of the construct) and Pearson correlation coefficient (for the correlation analysis). The author's contributions include a study of the relationship between nationalist and xenophobic sentiments, the development of the Nationalism-xenophobia Index, an indicator of the intensity of these sentiments in society, an analysis of the relationship between nationalism-xenophobia relations and the amount of FDI attracted per capita, the identification and explanation of the cultural mechanism by which nationalist and xenophobic sentiments influence various phenomena, including FDI. Logical-theoretical assumptions and arguments are confirmed by the results of quantitative data analysis. The findings of the study confirm that the cultural characteristics associated with nationalism and xenophobia represent important elements of cultural specificity that influence economic processes, including FDI. Numerous studies show that the nationalist dimension of ethnocentrism is closely related to xenophobia. Analysis of countries' scores on the nationalism-xenophobia index depending on the dominant Christian denomination and the presence of a communist past shows a link between nationalist-xenophobic, Orthodox (and, to a lesser extent, Catholic) values and the values of communist ideology, which negatively affect FDI attraction. Furthermore, nationalist-xenophobic attitudes have a negative impact on FDI attraction, both directly and indirectly, showing a strong negative impact.
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spelling doaj.art-ae7564ff95464367828b528063c0737b2022-12-22T00:59:32ZengIzdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”Baltic Journal of Economic Studies2256-07422256-09632022-03-018210.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-2-146-152CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDESSebastian Tocar0Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania (corresponding author) Cultural characteristics related to the values of national identity (patriotism, nationalism) and attitudes toward other peoples (xenophobia) represent important elements of cultural specificity that influence various dimensions of socioeconomic life, including economic processes. Unfortunately, these specific characteristics are not often investigated, especially in this context, probably because of the difficulty of quantifying them and the general sensitivity of the topic. This study presents an original approach to the study of nationalist-xenophobic attitudes and their relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this study is to identify theoretical benchmarks for approaching the topic of nationalism-xenophobia, to develop a synthetic indicator to quantify nationalism-xenophobic attitudes, and to highlight the mechanism of their influence on FDI attraction. The methodology used for conducting this research comprises the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction (for logical connections and theoretical argumentation), weighted average technique (for the elaboration of Nationalism-xenophobia Index), Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of internal consistency (to test the reliability of the construct) and Pearson correlation coefficient (for the correlation analysis). The author's contributions include a study of the relationship between nationalist and xenophobic sentiments, the development of the Nationalism-xenophobia Index, an indicator of the intensity of these sentiments in society, an analysis of the relationship between nationalism-xenophobia relations and the amount of FDI attracted per capita, the identification and explanation of the cultural mechanism by which nationalist and xenophobic sentiments influence various phenomena, including FDI. Logical-theoretical assumptions and arguments are confirmed by the results of quantitative data analysis. The findings of the study confirm that the cultural characteristics associated with nationalism and xenophobia represent important elements of cultural specificity that influence economic processes, including FDI. Numerous studies show that the nationalist dimension of ethnocentrism is closely related to xenophobia. Analysis of countries' scores on the nationalism-xenophobia index depending on the dominant Christian denomination and the presence of a communist past shows a link between nationalist-xenophobic, Orthodox (and, to a lesser extent, Catholic) values and the values of communist ideology, which negatively affect FDI attraction. Furthermore, nationalist-xenophobic attitudes have a negative impact on FDI attraction, both directly and indirectly, showing a strong negative impact. http://baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/issue/article/view/1761nationalismxenophobiaforeign direct investmentinterculturalcultural valuesNationalism-xenophobia Index
spellingShingle Sebastian Tocar
CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
Baltic Journal of Economic Studies
nationalism
xenophobia
foreign direct investment
intercultural
cultural values
Nationalism-xenophobia Index
title CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
title_full CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
title_fullStr CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
title_full_unstemmed CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
title_short CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: NATIONALIST-XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
title_sort cultural determinants of foreign direct investment nationalist xenophobic attitudes
topic nationalism
xenophobia
foreign direct investment
intercultural
cultural values
Nationalism-xenophobia Index
url http://baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/issue/article/view/1761
work_keys_str_mv AT sebastiantocar culturaldeterminantsofforeigndirectinvestmentnationalistxenophobicattitudes