Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i>
Conifers are of great economic value in terms of lumber production, important for construction and other uses such as pulp and paper. They are also important sources of essential oils. Conifer species have been vital to the ethnobotany and traditional herbal medicine of many different Native America...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2477 |
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| author | Kathy Swor Prabodh Satyal Ambika Poudel William N. Setzer |
| author_facet | Kathy Swor Prabodh Satyal Ambika Poudel William N. Setzer |
| author_sort | Kathy Swor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conifers are of great economic value in terms of lumber production, important for construction and other uses such as pulp and paper. They are also important sources of essential oils. Conifer species have been vital to the ethnobotany and traditional herbal medicine of many different Native American groups. The objective of this work was to obtain and analyze the essential oils of several conifer species (<i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i>) growing in Idaho. The foliar essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by gas chromatographic methods, including GC-MS, GC-FID, and chiral GC-MS. The essential oils were obtained in varying yields from 0.66% up to 4.70%. The essential oil compositions were largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids. The chiral monoterpenoids were generally rich in the (−)-enantiomers for members of the Pinaceae, but the (+)-enantiomers predominated in the Cupressaceae. The essential oil compositions obtained in this work are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different, to previously reported compositions and confirm and complement the previous reports. However, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the chiral terpenoid components in these conifer species. Additional research on essential oils of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae is needed to describe the chemical profiles, chemical compositions, and enantiomeric distributions more reliably in the various species and infraspecific taxa of these two families. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae7ef2a2d5e54bbdab1ef41bd5971e04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae7ef2a2d5e54bbdab1ef41bd5971e042023-11-17T12:50:55ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01286247710.3390/molecules28062477Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i>Kathy Swor0Prabodh Satyal1Ambika Poudel2William N. Setzer3Independent Researcher, 1432 W. Heartland Dr., Kuna, ID 83634, USAAromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USAAromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USAAromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USAConifers are of great economic value in terms of lumber production, important for construction and other uses such as pulp and paper. They are also important sources of essential oils. Conifer species have been vital to the ethnobotany and traditional herbal medicine of many different Native American groups. The objective of this work was to obtain and analyze the essential oils of several conifer species (<i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i>) growing in Idaho. The foliar essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by gas chromatographic methods, including GC-MS, GC-FID, and chiral GC-MS. The essential oils were obtained in varying yields from 0.66% up to 4.70%. The essential oil compositions were largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenoids. The chiral monoterpenoids were generally rich in the (−)-enantiomers for members of the Pinaceae, but the (+)-enantiomers predominated in the Cupressaceae. The essential oil compositions obtained in this work are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different, to previously reported compositions and confirm and complement the previous reports. However, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the chiral terpenoid components in these conifer species. Additional research on essential oils of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae is needed to describe the chemical profiles, chemical compositions, and enantiomeric distributions more reliably in the various species and infraspecific taxa of these two families.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2477subalpine firEngelmann sprucelodgepole pineDouglas firwestern red cedargas chromatography |
| spellingShingle | Kathy Swor Prabodh Satyal Ambika Poudel William N. Setzer Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> Molecules subalpine fir Engelmann spruce lodgepole pine Douglas fir western red cedar gas chromatography |
| title | Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> |
| title_full | Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> |
| title_fullStr | Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> |
| title_short | Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, <i>Pinus contorta</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Thuja plicata</i> |
| title_sort | gymnosperms of idaho chemical compositions and enantiomeric distributions of essential oils of i abies lasiocarpa i i picea engelmannii i i pinus contorta i i pseudotsuga menziesii i and i thuja plicata i |
| topic | subalpine fir Engelmann spruce lodgepole pine Douglas fir western red cedar gas chromatography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2477 |
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