Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract
We have previously showed that defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) attenuates alcoholic liver injury by regulating lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant metabolism in chronic alcohol-fed rats. The current metabolomics study was performed to monitor biochemical events following the administra...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/436 |
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| author | Ra-Yeong Choi Moongi Ji Mi-Kyung Lee Man-Jeong Paik |
| author_facet | Ra-Yeong Choi Moongi Ji Mi-Kyung Lee Man-Jeong Paik |
| author_sort | Ra-Yeong Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have previously showed that defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) attenuates alcoholic liver injury by regulating lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant metabolism in chronic alcohol-fed rats. The current metabolomics study was performed to monitor biochemical events following the administration of MWF (daily for eight weeks) to a rat model of alcoholic liver injury by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The levels of 15 amino acids (AAs), 17 organic acids (OAs), and 19 free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured in serum. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to compare the levels of 51 metabolites in serum. In particular, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB), pyroglutamic acid (PG), octadecanoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were evaluated as high variable importance point (VIP) scores and PCA loading scores as determined by PLS-DA and PCA, and these were significantly higher in the MWF and silymarin groups than in the EtOH group. MWF showed a protective effect from alcohol-induced liver damage by elevating hepatic β-oxidation activity, and serum 3-HB levels were significantly higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH control group. Glycine levels were higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH group, and PG levels (related to glutathione production) were also elevated, indicating a reduction in alcohol-related oxidative stress. In addition, MWF is protected from alcohol-induced inflammation and steatosis by increasing serum DHA, palmitic, and octadecanoic acid levels as compared with the EtOH group. These results suggest that MWF might attenuate alcoholic liver disease, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by up-regulating hepatic β-oxidation activity and down-regulating liver FFA uptake. |
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| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae81ee169f1f40fb96c9814ee06d1f532023-11-20T19:03:58ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-10-01101143610.3390/metabo10110436Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation ExtractRa-Yeong Choi0Moongi Ji1Mi-Kyung Lee2Man-Jeong Paik3Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, KoreaWe have previously showed that defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) attenuates alcoholic liver injury by regulating lipid, inflammatory, and antioxidant metabolism in chronic alcohol-fed rats. The current metabolomics study was performed to monitor biochemical events following the administration of MWF (daily for eight weeks) to a rat model of alcoholic liver injury by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The levels of 15 amino acids (AAs), 17 organic acids (OAs), and 19 free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured in serum. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to compare the levels of 51 metabolites in serum. In particular, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB), pyroglutamic acid (PG), octadecanoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were evaluated as high variable importance point (VIP) scores and PCA loading scores as determined by PLS-DA and PCA, and these were significantly higher in the MWF and silymarin groups than in the EtOH group. MWF showed a protective effect from alcohol-induced liver damage by elevating hepatic β-oxidation activity, and serum 3-HB levels were significantly higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH control group. Glycine levels were higher in the MWF group than in the EtOH group, and PG levels (related to glutathione production) were also elevated, indicating a reduction in alcohol-related oxidative stress. In addition, MWF is protected from alcohol-induced inflammation and steatosis by increasing serum DHA, palmitic, and octadecanoic acid levels as compared with the EtOH group. These results suggest that MWF might attenuate alcoholic liver disease, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by up-regulating hepatic β-oxidation activity and down-regulating liver FFA uptake.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/436edible insectmetabolomicsmetabolic profiling analysisgas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Ra-Yeong Choi Moongi Ji Mi-Kyung Lee Man-Jeong Paik Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract Metabolites edible insect metabolomics metabolic profiling analysis gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| title | Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract |
| title_full | Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract |
| title_short | Metabolomics Study of Serum from a Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rat Model Following Administration of Defatted <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larva Fermentation Extract |
| title_sort | metabolomics study of serum from a chronic alcohol fed rat model following administration of defatted i tenebrio molitor i larva fermentation extract |
| topic | edible insect metabolomics metabolic profiling analysis gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/436 |
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