Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significantly changes in worldwide environmental and socioeconomics, especially in the early stage. Previous research has found that air pollution is potentially affected by these unprecedented changes and it affects COVID-19 infections. This...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/401 |
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| author | Yuan Meng Man Sing Wong Hanfa Xing Mei-Po Kwan Rui Zhu |
| author_facet | Yuan Meng Man Sing Wong Hanfa Xing Mei-Po Kwan Rui Zhu |
| author_sort | Yuan Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significantly changes in worldwide environmental and socioeconomics, especially in the early stage. Previous research has found that air pollution is potentially affected by these unprecedented changes and it affects COVID-19 infections. This study aims to explore the non-linear association between yearly and daily global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19. The concentrations of tropospheric air pollution (CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>) and the daily confirmed cases between 23 January 2020 and 31 May 2020 were collected at the global scale. The yearly discrepancies of air pollutions and daily air pollution are associated with total and daily confirmed cases, respectively, based on the generalized additive model. We observed that there are significant spatially and temporally non-stationary variations between air pollution and confirmed cases of COVID-19. For the yearly assessment, the number of confirmed cases is associated with the positive fluctuation of CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> discrepancies, while the increasing NO<sub>2</sub> discrepancies leads to the significant peak of confirmed cases variation. For the daily assessment, among the selected countries, positive linear or non-linear relationships are found between CO and SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and the daily confirmed cases, whereas NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations are negatively correlated with the daily confirmed cases; variations in the ascending/declining associations are identified from the relationship of the O<sub>3</sub>-confirmed cases. The findings indicate that the non-linear relationships between global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 are varied, which implicates the needs as well as the incorporation of our findings in the risk monitoring of public health on local, regional, and global scales. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae92da84e71f44c1b6fee1bef483880a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae92da84e71f44c1b6fee1bef483880a2023-11-21T23:30:36ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642021-06-0110640110.3390/ijgi10060401Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and RegionsYuan Meng0Man Sing Wong1Hanfa Xing2Mei-Po Kwan3Rui Zhu4Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaSchool of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, ChinaDepartment of Geography and Resource Management, and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significantly changes in worldwide environmental and socioeconomics, especially in the early stage. Previous research has found that air pollution is potentially affected by these unprecedented changes and it affects COVID-19 infections. This study aims to explore the non-linear association between yearly and daily global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19. The concentrations of tropospheric air pollution (CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>) and the daily confirmed cases between 23 January 2020 and 31 May 2020 were collected at the global scale. The yearly discrepancies of air pollutions and daily air pollution are associated with total and daily confirmed cases, respectively, based on the generalized additive model. We observed that there are significant spatially and temporally non-stationary variations between air pollution and confirmed cases of COVID-19. For the yearly assessment, the number of confirmed cases is associated with the positive fluctuation of CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> discrepancies, while the increasing NO<sub>2</sub> discrepancies leads to the significant peak of confirmed cases variation. For the daily assessment, among the selected countries, positive linear or non-linear relationships are found between CO and SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and the daily confirmed cases, whereas NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations are negatively correlated with the daily confirmed cases; variations in the ascending/declining associations are identified from the relationship of the O<sub>3</sub>-confirmed cases. The findings indicate that the non-linear relationships between global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 are varied, which implicates the needs as well as the incorporation of our findings in the risk monitoring of public health on local, regional, and global scales.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/401COVID-19confirmed casesair pollutiongeneralized additive model |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Meng Man Sing Wong Hanfa Xing Mei-Po Kwan Rui Zhu Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information COVID-19 confirmed cases air pollution generalized additive model |
| title | Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions |
| title_full | Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions |
| title_fullStr | Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions |
| title_short | Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions |
| title_sort | yearly and daily relationship assessment between air pollution and early stage covid 19 incidence evidence from 231 countries and regions |
| topic | COVID-19 confirmed cases air pollution generalized additive model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/401 |
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