Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides
The preparation of mercapto-reduced graphene oxides (<b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b>) via a solvothermal reaction using P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub> as a thionating agent has demonstrated their potential as an absorbent for scavenging heavy metal ions, particularl...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/3998 |
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| author | Ho-Geun Kim Jong-Seong Bae Injoo Hwang Sung-Hoon Kim Ki-Wan Jeon |
| author_facet | Ho-Geun Kim Jong-Seong Bae Injoo Hwang Sung-Hoon Kim Ki-Wan Jeon |
| author_sort | Ho-Geun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The preparation of mercapto-reduced graphene oxides (<b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b>) via a solvothermal reaction using P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub> as a thionating agent has demonstrated their potential as an absorbent for scavenging heavy metal ions, particularly Pb<sup>2+</sup>, from aqueous solutions due to the presence of thiol (–SH) functional groups on their surface. The structural and elemental analysis of <b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b> was conducted using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 7 and 25 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions on the surface of <b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b> was determined to be approximately 858 mg/g. The heavy metal–S binding energies were used to determine the percent removal of the tested heavy metal ions, with Pb<sup>2+</sup> exhibiting the highest percentage removal, followed by Hg<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions having the lowest percent removal, and the binding energies observed were Pb–S at 346 kJ/mol, Hg–S at 217 kJ/mol, and Cd–S at 208 kJ/mol. The time-dependent removal study of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions also yielded promising results, with almost 98% of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions being removed within 30 min at pH 7 and 25 °C using a 1 ppm Pb<sup>2+</sup> solution as the test solution. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the potential and efficiency of thiol-functionalized carbonaceous material for the removal of environmentally harmful Pb<sup>2+</sup> from groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:39Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae97cd31b4d6427eafda7b8e9614b7c82023-11-18T02:37:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012810399810.3390/molecules28103998Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene OxidesHo-Geun Kim0Jong-Seong Bae1Injoo Hwang2Sung-Hoon Kim3Ki-Wan Jeon4Department of Advanced Technology and Engineering, Graduate School, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Technology and Engineering, Graduate School, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Advanced Technology and Engineering, Graduate School, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of KoreaThe preparation of mercapto-reduced graphene oxides (<b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b>) via a solvothermal reaction using P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub> as a thionating agent has demonstrated their potential as an absorbent for scavenging heavy metal ions, particularly Pb<sup>2+</sup>, from aqueous solutions due to the presence of thiol (–SH) functional groups on their surface. The structural and elemental analysis of <b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b> was conducted using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 7 and 25 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions on the surface of <b><i>m</i>-RGOs</b> was determined to be approximately 858 mg/g. The heavy metal–S binding energies were used to determine the percent removal of the tested heavy metal ions, with Pb<sup>2+</sup> exhibiting the highest percentage removal, followed by Hg<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions having the lowest percent removal, and the binding energies observed were Pb–S at 346 kJ/mol, Hg–S at 217 kJ/mol, and Cd–S at 208 kJ/mol. The time-dependent removal study of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions also yielded promising results, with almost 98% of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions being removed within 30 min at pH 7 and 25 °C using a 1 ppm Pb<sup>2+</sup> solution as the test solution. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the potential and efficiency of thiol-functionalized carbonaceous material for the removal of environmentally harmful Pb<sup>2+</sup> from groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/3998heavy metal ion removalthiol functionalizationgrapheneadsorptionmetal–sulfur bond dissociation energy |
| spellingShingle | Ho-Geun Kim Jong-Seong Bae Injoo Hwang Sung-Hoon Kim Ki-Wan Jeon Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides Molecules heavy metal ion removal thiol functionalization graphene adsorption metal–sulfur bond dissociation energy |
| title | Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides |
| title_full | Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides |
| title_fullStr | Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides |
| title_short | Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides |
| title_sort | superior heavy metal ion adsorption capacity in aqueous solution by high density thiol functionalized reduced graphene oxides |
| topic | heavy metal ion removal thiol functionalization graphene adsorption metal–sulfur bond dissociation energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/3998 |
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