Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review
Tungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-proc...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1660 |
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| author | Senthilnathan Natarajan Venkatachalam Gopalan Raja Annamalai Arunjunai Rajan Chun-Ping Jen |
| author_facet | Senthilnathan Natarajan Venkatachalam Gopalan Raja Annamalai Arunjunai Rajan Chun-Ping Jen |
| author_sort | Senthilnathan Natarajan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-processing techniques, other elements are doped with the alloy and performance studies are carried out. This work focuses on the developments through the years in improving the performance of the classical tungsten heavy alloy of W–Ni–Fe through doping of other elements. The influence of the percentage addition of rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum, and their oxides and refractory metals such as rhenium, tantalum, and molybdenum on the mechanical properties of the heavy alloy is critically analyzed. Based on the microstructural and property evaluation, the effects of adding the elements at various proportions are discussed. The addition of molybdenum and rhenium to the heavy alloy gives good strength and ductility. The oxides of yttrium, when added in a small quantity, help to reduce the tungsten’s grain size and obtain good tensile and compressive strengths at high temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:49:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae9e27324803474cba42520e6c2eec82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:49:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae9e27324803474cba42520e6c2eec822023-11-21T13:10:16ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-03-01147166010.3390/ma14071660Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A ReviewSenthilnathan Natarajan0Venkatachalam Gopalan1Raja Annamalai Arunjunai Rajan2Chun-Ping Jen3School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaCentre for Innovation and Product Development, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai 600127, IndiaCentre for Innovative Manufacturing Research, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing for High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, TaiwanTungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-processing techniques, other elements are doped with the alloy and performance studies are carried out. This work focuses on the developments through the years in improving the performance of the classical tungsten heavy alloy of W–Ni–Fe through doping of other elements. The influence of the percentage addition of rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum, and their oxides and refractory metals such as rhenium, tantalum, and molybdenum on the mechanical properties of the heavy alloy is critically analyzed. Based on the microstructural and property evaluation, the effects of adding the elements at various proportions are discussed. The addition of molybdenum and rhenium to the heavy alloy gives good strength and ductility. The oxides of yttrium, when added in a small quantity, help to reduce the tungsten’s grain size and obtain good tensile and compressive strengths at high temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1660tungsten heavy alloyrefractory metalrare earth elementmicrostructuremechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Senthilnathan Natarajan Venkatachalam Gopalan Raja Annamalai Arunjunai Rajan Chun-Ping Jen Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review Materials tungsten heavy alloy refractory metal rare earth element microstructure mechanical properties |
| title | Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review |
| title_full | Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review |
| title_short | Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W–Ni–Fe Alloy—A Review |
| title_sort | effect of rare earth metals y la and refractory metals mo ta re to improve the mechanical properties of w ni fe alloy a review |
| topic | tungsten heavy alloy refractory metal rare earth element microstructure mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1660 |
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