Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy
IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines’ effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) pheno...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209/full |
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| author | Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Mario Framil Mario Framil Mario Framil Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Carla Bermudez Carla Bermudez Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Eva Dopico Eva Dopico Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Nadia Garcia-Muñoz Luis Humberto Hernández-Benítez Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich |
| author_facet | Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Mario Framil Mario Framil Mario Framil Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Carla Bermudez Carla Bermudez Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Eva Dopico Eva Dopico Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Nadia Garcia-Muñoz Luis Humberto Hernández-Benítez Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich |
| author_sort | Arnau Antolí |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines’ effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype and in patients treated with B-cell depletion therapies (BCDT), as well as the safety of these vaccines.MethodsFrom March to September 2021, we performed a prospective study of all adult patients who would receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and were previously diagnosed with (i) a CVID syndrome (CVID phenotype group; n=28) or (ii) multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with B-cell depleting therapies three to six months before vaccination (BCD group; n=24). Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; or prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration; or use of any immunosuppressant (except BCDT in MS group) were excluded. A group of subjects without any medical condition that confers immunosuppression and who met all study criteria was also assessed (control group; n=14). A chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to determine pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anti-S IgG antibodies. T-cell specific response was assessed by analysis of pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination blood samples with an interferon-gamma release assay. The baseline blood sample also included several biochemical, haematological and immunological analyses.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe in immunocompromised patients, although their effectiveness was lower than in healthy individuals. CVID phenotype patients showed impaired humoral (29%) and cellular (29%) response, while BCD patients fundamentally presented humoral failure (54%). Low IgA values, low CD19+ peripheral B cells, low switched memory B cells, and a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio were predictors of inadequate specific antibody response in CVID phenotype patients. No factor was found to predict poor cellular response in CVID phenotype patients, nor a defective humoral or cellular response in BCD patients.ConclusionThe effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CVID phenotype and BCD patients is lower than in healthy individuals. Knowledge of predictive factors of humoral and cellular response failure in immunocompromised patients could be very useful in clinical practice, and thus, studies in this regard are clearly needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:37:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ae9f6cdf058d4afcba44ff400cf7c380 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:37:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ae9f6cdf058d4afcba44ff400cf7c3802022-12-22T02:56:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-04-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.895209895209Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion TherapyArnau Antolí0Arnau Antolí1Arnau Antolí2Gemma Rocamora-Blanch3Gemma Rocamora-Blanch4Gemma Rocamora-Blanch5Mario Framil6Mario Framil7Mario Framil8Virgínia Mas-Bosch9Virgínia Mas-Bosch10Virgínia Mas-Bosch11Sergio Navarro12Sergio Navarro13Sergio Navarro14Carla Bermudez15Carla Bermudez16Sergio Martinez-Yelamos17Sergio Martinez-Yelamos18Sergio Martinez-Yelamos19Eva Dopico20Eva Dopico21Laura Calatayud22Laura Calatayud23Laura Calatayud24Nadia Garcia-Muñoz25Luis Humberto Hernández-Benítez26Antoni Riera-Mestre27Antoni Riera-Mestre28Antoni Riera-Mestre29Jordi Bas30Jordi Bas31Jordi Bas32Cristina Masuet-Aumatell33Cristina Masuet-Aumatell34Cristina Masuet-Aumatell35Raúl Rigo-Bonnin36Raúl Rigo-Bonnin37Francisco Morandeira38Francisco Morandeira39Francisco Morandeira40Xavier Solanich41Xavier Solanich42Xavier Solanich43Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDeparment of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDeparment of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainBlood Bank Department - Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBlood Bank Department - Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain0Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Immunology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainAdults Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainIntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines’ effectiveness is not yet clearly known in immunocompromised patients. This study aims to assess the humoral and cellular specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the predictors of poor response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype and in patients treated with B-cell depletion therapies (BCDT), as well as the safety of these vaccines.MethodsFrom March to September 2021, we performed a prospective study of all adult patients who would receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and were previously diagnosed with (i) a CVID syndrome (CVID phenotype group; n=28) or (ii) multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with B-cell depleting therapies three to six months before vaccination (BCD group; n=24). Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; or prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration; or use of any immunosuppressant (except BCDT in MS group) were excluded. A group of subjects without any medical condition that confers immunosuppression and who met all study criteria was also assessed (control group; n=14). A chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to determine pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anti-S IgG antibodies. T-cell specific response was assessed by analysis of pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination blood samples with an interferon-gamma release assay. The baseline blood sample also included several biochemical, haematological and immunological analyses.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe in immunocompromised patients, although their effectiveness was lower than in healthy individuals. CVID phenotype patients showed impaired humoral (29%) and cellular (29%) response, while BCD patients fundamentally presented humoral failure (54%). Low IgA values, low CD19+ peripheral B cells, low switched memory B cells, and a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio were predictors of inadequate specific antibody response in CVID phenotype patients. No factor was found to predict poor cellular response in CVID phenotype patients, nor a defective humoral or cellular response in BCD patients.ConclusionThe effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CVID phenotype and BCD patients is lower than in healthy individuals. Knowledge of predictive factors of humoral and cellular response failure in immunocompromised patients could be very useful in clinical practice, and thus, studies in this regard are clearly needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209/fullSARS-CoV-2vaccineCOVID-19multiple sclerosisanti-CD20 therapiesCVID |
| spellingShingle | Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Arnau Antolí Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Gemma Rocamora-Blanch Mario Framil Mario Framil Mario Framil Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Virgínia Mas-Bosch Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Sergio Navarro Carla Bermudez Carla Bermudez Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Sergio Martinez-Yelamos Eva Dopico Eva Dopico Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Laura Calatayud Nadia Garcia-Muñoz Luis Humberto Hernández-Benítez Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Antoni Riera-Mestre Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Jordi Bas Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Cristina Masuet-Aumatell Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Raúl Rigo-Bonnin Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Francisco Morandeira Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich Xavier Solanich Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 vaccine COVID-19 multiple sclerosis anti-CD20 therapies CVID |
| title | Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy |
| title_full | Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy |
| title_short | Evaluation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Phenotype and Patient Receiving B-Cell Depletion Therapy |
| title_sort | evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to the sars cov 2 vaccine in patients with common variable immunodeficiency phenotype and patient receiving b cell depletion therapy |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 vaccine COVID-19 multiple sclerosis anti-CD20 therapies CVID |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.895209/full |
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