The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Pulsar timing array collaborations, such as the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), are seeking to detect nanohertz gravitational waves emitted by supermassive black hole binaries formed in the aftermath of galaxy mergers. We have searched for continuous waves fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdbc7 |
| _version_ | 1797698278215647232 |
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| author | Zaven Arzoumanian Paul T. Baker Laura Blecha Harsha Blumer Adam Brazier Paul R. Brook Sarah Burke-Spolaor Bence Bécsy J. Andrew Casey-Clyde Maria Charisi Shami Chatterjee Siyuan Chen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Brendan Drachler Justin A. Ellis E. C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Gabriel E. Freedman Nathan Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Joseph Glaser Deborah C. Good Kayhan Gültekin Jeffrey S. Hazboun Ross J. Jennings Aaron D. Johnson Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Joey Shapiro Key Nima Laal Michael T. Lam William G Lamb T. Joseph W. Lazio Natalia Lewandowska Tingting Liu Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Dustin R. Madison Alexander McEwen Maura A. McLaughlin Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Cherry Ng David J. Nice Stella Koch Ocker Ken D. Olum Timothy T. Pennucci Nihan S. Pol Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Joseph D. Romano Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Magdalena Siwek Renée Spiewak Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Joseph K. Swiggum Jessica Sydnor Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Haley M. Wahl Gregory Walsh Caitlin A. Witt Olivia Young The NANOGrav Collaboration |
| author_facet | Zaven Arzoumanian Paul T. Baker Laura Blecha Harsha Blumer Adam Brazier Paul R. Brook Sarah Burke-Spolaor Bence Bécsy J. Andrew Casey-Clyde Maria Charisi Shami Chatterjee Siyuan Chen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Brendan Drachler Justin A. Ellis E. C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Gabriel E. Freedman Nathan Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Joseph Glaser Deborah C. Good Kayhan Gültekin Jeffrey S. Hazboun Ross J. Jennings Aaron D. Johnson Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Joey Shapiro Key Nima Laal Michael T. Lam William G Lamb T. Joseph W. Lazio Natalia Lewandowska Tingting Liu Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Dustin R. Madison Alexander McEwen Maura A. McLaughlin Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Cherry Ng David J. Nice Stella Koch Ocker Ken D. Olum Timothy T. Pennucci Nihan S. Pol Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Joseph D. Romano Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Magdalena Siwek Renée Spiewak Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Joseph K. Swiggum Jessica Sydnor Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Haley M. Wahl Gregory Walsh Caitlin A. Witt Olivia Young The NANOGrav Collaboration |
| author_sort | Zaven Arzoumanian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pulsar timing array collaborations, such as the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), are seeking to detect nanohertz gravitational waves emitted by supermassive black hole binaries formed in the aftermath of galaxy mergers. We have searched for continuous waves from individual circular supermassive black hole binaries using NANOGrav’s recent 12.5 yr data set. We created new methods to accurately model the uncertainties on pulsar distances in our analysis, and we implemented new techniques to account for a common red-noise process in pulsar timing array data sets while searching for deterministic gravitational wave signals, including continuous waves. As we found no evidence for continuous waves in our data, we placed 95% upper limits on the strain amplitude of continuous waves emitted by these sources. At our most sensitive frequency of 7.65 nHz, we placed a sky-averaged limit of h _0 < (6.82 ± 0.35) × 10 ^−15 , and h _0 < (2.66 ± 0.15) × 10 ^−15 in our most sensitive sky location. Finally, we placed a multimessenger limit of ${ \mathcal M }\lt (1.41\pm 0.02)\times {10}^{9}\,{M}_{\odot }$ on the chirp mass of the supermassive black hole binary candidate 3C 66B. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:51:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aea520d4315f4672b5b8828457192088 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:51:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-aea520d4315f4672b5b88284571920882023-09-03T12:20:53ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019512L2810.3847/2041-8213/acdbc7The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole BinariesZaven Arzoumanian0Paul T. Baker1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-753XLaura Blecha2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-1087Harsha Blumer3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-884XAdam Brazier4Paul R. Brook5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-6538Sarah Burke-Spolaor6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-7838Bence Bécsy7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-5563J. Andrew Casey-Clyde8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-4007Maria Charisi9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-2522Shami Chatterjee10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-1502Siyuan Chen11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-5963James M. Cordes12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-1882Neil J. Cornish13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-0869Fronefield Crawford14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-0360H. Thankful Cromartie15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-692XMegan E. DeCesar16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-1790Paul B. Demorest17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-965XTimothy Dolch18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6388Brendan Drachler19Justin A. Ellis20E. C. Ferrara21https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-7708William Fiore22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-5336Emmanuel Fonseca23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-5049Gabriel E. Freedman24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-4616Nathan Garver-Daniels25https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-9646Peter A. Gentile26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-683XJoseph Glaser27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4090-9780Deborah C. Good28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-348XKayhan Gültekin29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1146-0198Jeffrey S. Hazboun30https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3321Ross J. Jennings31https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-2342Aaron D. Johnson32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-8423Megan L. Jones33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6607-3710Andrew R. Kaiser34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-980XDavid L. Kaplan35https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-2881Luke Zoltan Kelley36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-6450Joey Shapiro Key37https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-7600Nima Laal38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-7604Michael T. Lam39https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0721-651XWilliam G Lamb40https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-4156T. Joseph W. Lazio41Natalia Lewandowska42https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-6581Tingting Liu43https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-4287Duncan R. Lorimer44https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-966XJing Luo45https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5373-5914Ryan S. Lynch46https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-7430Dustin R. Madison47https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-0404Alexander McEwen48https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-7559Maura A. McLaughlin49https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-7422Chiara M. F. Mingarelli50https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-1322Cherry Ng51https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-5160David J. Nice52https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-2566Stella Koch Ocker53https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-5333Ken D. Olum54https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-3714Timothy T. Pennucci55https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-2889Nihan S. Pol56https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-1285Scott M. Ransom57https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-9714Paul S. Ray58https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-5278Joseph D. Romano59https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-3246Brent J. Shapiro-Albert60https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-1124Xavier Siemens61https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-2990Joseph Simon62https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-6607Magdalena Siwek63https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-9778Renée Spiewak64https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-3298Ingrid H. Stairs65https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-8670Daniel R. Stinebring66https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-3277Kevin Stovall67https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-594XJoseph K. Swiggum68https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-3837Jessica Sydnor69https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-9299Stephen R. Taylor70https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-1599Jacob E. Turner71https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-7288Michele Vallisneri72https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-0033Sarah J. Vigeland73https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-9072Haley M. Wahl74https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-0299Gregory Walsh75https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-1340Caitlin A. Witt76https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-9274Olivia Young77https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-0688The NANOGrav CollaborationX-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Widener University , One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USADepartment of Physics, University of Florida , 2001 Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USACornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Physics, University of Connecticut , 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USACornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USAKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of ChinaCornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Physics, Montana State University , Bozeman, MT 59717, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin & Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604, USAUniversity of Virginia, Department of Astronomy, P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USAGeorge Mason University , Fairfax, VA 22030, resident at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Rd., Socorro, NM 87801, USADepartment of Physics, Hillsdale College, 33 E. College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA; Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USABionic Health, 800 Park Offices Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Exploration and Space Studies (CRESST), NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, CanadaUniversity of Michigan , Dept. of Astronomy, 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USADepartment of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331, USACornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity (TAPIR), MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USAUniversity of Washington Bothell , 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011, USADepartment of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USATheoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity (TAPIR), MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Physics, State University of New York at Oswego , Oswego, NY 13126, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, CanadaGreen Bank Observatory, P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics, University of Connecticut , 196 Auditorium Road, U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USADunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USACornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USAInstitute of Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University , Medford, MA 02155, USAInstitute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány P.s. 1/A, 1117 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USASpace Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Giant Army, 915A 17th Ave., Seattle, WA 98122, USADepartment of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Center for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USATheoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity (TAPIR), MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USACenter for Astrophysics, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Rd., Socorro, NM 87801, USADepartment of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USATheoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity (TAPIR), MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USACenter for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; caitlin.witt@nanograv.org; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Adler Planetarium, 1300 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USAPulsar timing array collaborations, such as the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), are seeking to detect nanohertz gravitational waves emitted by supermassive black hole binaries formed in the aftermath of galaxy mergers. We have searched for continuous waves from individual circular supermassive black hole binaries using NANOGrav’s recent 12.5 yr data set. We created new methods to accurately model the uncertainties on pulsar distances in our analysis, and we implemented new techniques to account for a common red-noise process in pulsar timing array data sets while searching for deterministic gravitational wave signals, including continuous waves. As we found no evidence for continuous waves in our data, we placed 95% upper limits on the strain amplitude of continuous waves emitted by these sources. At our most sensitive frequency of 7.65 nHz, we placed a sky-averaged limit of h _0 < (6.82 ± 0.35) × 10 ^−15 , and h _0 < (2.66 ± 0.15) × 10 ^−15 in our most sensitive sky location. Finally, we placed a multimessenger limit of ${ \mathcal M }\lt (1.41\pm 0.02)\times {10}^{9}\,{M}_{\odot }$ on the chirp mass of the supermassive black hole binary candidate 3C 66B.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdbc7Gravitational wavesAstronomy data analysisMillisecond pulsarsSupermassive black holes |
| spellingShingle | Zaven Arzoumanian Paul T. Baker Laura Blecha Harsha Blumer Adam Brazier Paul R. Brook Sarah Burke-Spolaor Bence Bécsy J. Andrew Casey-Clyde Maria Charisi Shami Chatterjee Siyuan Chen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Brendan Drachler Justin A. Ellis E. C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Gabriel E. Freedman Nathan Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Joseph Glaser Deborah C. Good Kayhan Gültekin Jeffrey S. Hazboun Ross J. Jennings Aaron D. Johnson Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Joey Shapiro Key Nima Laal Michael T. Lam William G Lamb T. Joseph W. Lazio Natalia Lewandowska Tingting Liu Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Dustin R. Madison Alexander McEwen Maura A. McLaughlin Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Cherry Ng David J. Nice Stella Koch Ocker Ken D. Olum Timothy T. Pennucci Nihan S. Pol Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Joseph D. Romano Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Magdalena Siwek Renée Spiewak Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Joseph K. Swiggum Jessica Sydnor Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Haley M. Wahl Gregory Walsh Caitlin A. Witt Olivia Young The NANOGrav Collaboration The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries The Astrophysical Journal Letters Gravitational waves Astronomy data analysis Millisecond pulsars Supermassive black holes |
| title | The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries |
| title_full | The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries |
| title_fullStr | The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries |
| title_short | The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries |
| title_sort | nanograv 12 5 yr data set bayesian limits on gravitational waves from individual supermassive black hole binaries |
| topic | Gravitational waves Astronomy data analysis Millisecond pulsars Supermassive black holes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdbc7 |
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