Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study
The emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/3/525 |
| _version_ | 1798042274978856960 |
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| author | Edwin R. Grijalva José María López Martínez |
| author_facet | Edwin R. Grijalva José María López Martínez |
| author_sort | Edwin R. Grijalva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid—the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. The analysis shows that by gradually replacing the current fleet of buses by electric buses over 10 years (2020 to 2030), CO<sub>2</sub> emissions would be reduced by up to 92.6% compared to 2018 levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:33:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aea73672959e451a866cc802de99f9b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:33:12Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-aea73672959e451a866cc802de99f9b92022-12-22T03:59:18ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-02-0112352510.3390/en12030525en12030525Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case StudyEdwin R. Grijalva0José María López Martínez1University Institute for Automobile Research (INSIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, SpainUniversity Institute for Automobile Research (INSIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, SpainThe emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid—the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. The analysis shows that by gradually replacing the current fleet of buses by electric buses over 10 years (2020 to 2030), CO<sub>2</sub> emissions would be reduced by up to 92.6% compared to 2018 levels.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/3/525urban electric busesautomotive simulationCO<sub>2</sub> emissionssustainable development, AVL Cruise |
| spellingShingle | Edwin R. Grijalva José María López Martínez Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study Energies urban electric buses automotive simulation CO<sub>2</sub> emissions sustainable development, AVL Cruise |
| title | Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study |
| title_full | Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study |
| title_short | Analysis of the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study |
| title_sort | analysis of the reduction of co sub 2 sub emissions in urban environments by replacing conventional city buses by electric bus fleets spain case study |
| topic | urban electric buses automotive simulation CO<sub>2</sub> emissions sustainable development, AVL Cruise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/3/525 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT edwinrgrijalva analysisofthereductionofcosub2subemissionsinurbanenvironmentsbyreplacingconventionalcitybusesbyelectricbusfleetsspaincasestudy AT josemarialopezmartinez analysisofthereductionofcosub2subemissionsinurbanenvironmentsbyreplacingconventionalcitybusesbyelectricbusfleetsspaincasestudy |