Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function as vital epigenetic regulators in various biological processes, including pluripotency, development, and carcinogenesis. PcG proteins form multicomponent complexes, and two major types of protein complexes have been identified in mammals to date, Polycomb Repre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8594 |
| _version_ | 1797547927124574208 |
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| author | Zhuangzhuang Geng Zhonghua Gao |
| author_facet | Zhuangzhuang Geng Zhonghua Gao |
| author_sort | Zhuangzhuang Geng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function as vital epigenetic regulators in various biological processes, including pluripotency, development, and carcinogenesis. PcG proteins form multicomponent complexes, and two major types of protein complexes have been identified in mammals to date, Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The PRC1 complexes are composed in a hierarchical manner in which the catalytic core, RING1A/B, exclusively interacts with one of six Polycomb group RING finger (PCGF) proteins. This association with specific PCGF proteins allows for PRC1 to be subdivided into six distinct groups, each with their own unique modes of action arising from the distinct set of associated proteins. Historically, PRC1 was considered to be a transcription repressor that deposited monoubiquitylation of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) and compacted local chromatin. More recently, there is increasing evidence that demonstrates the transcription activation role of PRC1. Moreover, studies on the higher-order chromatin structure have revealed a new function for PRC1 in mediating long-range interactions. This provides a different perspective regarding both the transcription activation and repression characteristics of PRC1. This review summarizes new advancements regarding the composition of mammalian PRC1 and accompanying explanations of how diverse PRC1-associated proteins participate in distinct transcription regulation mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aeac3b8c41cb4a4a9fb7ccdd408ffe1a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-aeac3b8c41cb4a4a9fb7ccdd408ffe1a2023-11-20T20:59:06ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012122859410.3390/ijms21228594Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular MechanismsZhuangzhuang Geng0Zhonghua Gao1Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USADepartments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USAPolycomb group (PcG) proteins function as vital epigenetic regulators in various biological processes, including pluripotency, development, and carcinogenesis. PcG proteins form multicomponent complexes, and two major types of protein complexes have been identified in mammals to date, Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The PRC1 complexes are composed in a hierarchical manner in which the catalytic core, RING1A/B, exclusively interacts with one of six Polycomb group RING finger (PCGF) proteins. This association with specific PCGF proteins allows for PRC1 to be subdivided into six distinct groups, each with their own unique modes of action arising from the distinct set of associated proteins. Historically, PRC1 was considered to be a transcription repressor that deposited monoubiquitylation of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) and compacted local chromatin. More recently, there is increasing evidence that demonstrates the transcription activation role of PRC1. Moreover, studies on the higher-order chromatin structure have revealed a new function for PRC1 in mediating long-range interactions. This provides a different perspective regarding both the transcription activation and repression characteristics of PRC1. This review summarizes new advancements regarding the composition of mammalian PRC1 and accompanying explanations of how diverse PRC1-associated proteins participate in distinct transcription regulation mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8594PRC1transcription regulationchromatin structure |
| spellingShingle | Zhuangzhuang Geng Zhonghua Gao Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms International Journal of Molecular Sciences PRC1 transcription regulation chromatin structure |
| title | Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full | Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_short | Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_sort | mammalian prc1 complexes compositional complexity and diverse molecular mechanisms |
| topic | PRC1 transcription regulation chromatin structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8594 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhuangzhuanggeng mammalianprc1complexescompositionalcomplexityanddiversemolecularmechanisms AT zhonghuagao mammalianprc1complexescompositionalcomplexityanddiversemolecularmechanisms |