<i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells
An aqueous extract of <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepar...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3174 |
| _version_ | 1797577836413845504 |
|---|---|
| author | Musaed Rayzah Abozer Y. Elderdery Nasser A. N. Alzerwi Badr Alzahrani Abdullah Alsrhani Afnan Alsultan Bandar Idrees Fares Rayzah Yaser Bakhsh Ahmed M. Alzahrani Suresh K. Subbiah Pooi Ling Mok |
| author_facet | Musaed Rayzah Abozer Y. Elderdery Nasser A. N. Alzerwi Badr Alzahrani Abdullah Alsrhani Afnan Alsultan Bandar Idrees Fares Rayzah Yaser Bakhsh Ahmed M. Alzahrani Suresh K. Subbiah Pooi Ling Mok |
| author_sort | Musaed Rayzah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An aqueous extract of <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepared TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The rutile crystal structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was revealed by XRD study. The TEM and FESEM images of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs revealed an average particle size of 50–100 nm. We employed EDAX to investigate the elemental compositions of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The O-Ti-O stretching bands appeared in the FTIR spectrum of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs at wavenumbers of 495 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The absorption edge peaks of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were found in the UV-vis spectra at 397 nm. The MTT study revealed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs effectively inhibited the growth of liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. The results of the corresponding fluorescent staining assays showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs significantly increased ROS generation, decreased MMP, and induced apoptosis in both liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles lessened SOD, CAT, and GSH levels while augmenting MDA contents in Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. In both Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells treated with TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, the Bax, CytC, p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9 expressions were remarkably augmented, while Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs treatment considerably inhibited growth and triggered apoptosis in Hep3 and HepG2 cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aeae708eb0b24b33bf84ed4ff9c867bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-aeae708eb0b24b33bf84ed4ff9c867bc2023-11-19T12:31:08ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011218317410.3390/plants12183174<i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer CellsMusaed Rayzah0Abozer Y. Elderdery1Nasser A. N. Alzerwi2Badr Alzahrani3Abdullah Alsrhani4Afnan Alsultan5Bandar Idrees6Fares Rayzah7Yaser Bakhsh8Ahmed M. Alzahrani9Suresh K. Subbiah10Pooi Ling Mok11Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, As Sulimaniyah 12233, Saudi ArabiaAseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi ArabiaIman General Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaCentre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, IndiaDepartment of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaAn aqueous extract of <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepared TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The rutile crystal structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was revealed by XRD study. The TEM and FESEM images of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs revealed an average particle size of 50–100 nm. We employed EDAX to investigate the elemental compositions of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The O-Ti-O stretching bands appeared in the FTIR spectrum of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs at wavenumbers of 495 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The absorption edge peaks of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were found in the UV-vis spectra at 397 nm. The MTT study revealed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs effectively inhibited the growth of liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. The results of the corresponding fluorescent staining assays showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs significantly increased ROS generation, decreased MMP, and induced apoptosis in both liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles lessened SOD, CAT, and GSH levels while augmenting MDA contents in Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. In both Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells treated with TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, the Bax, CytC, p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9 expressions were remarkably augmented, while Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs treatment considerably inhibited growth and triggered apoptosis in Hep3 and HepG2 cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3174<i>Syzygium cumini</i>titanium oxidenanomedicineliver cancerapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Musaed Rayzah Abozer Y. Elderdery Nasser A. N. Alzerwi Badr Alzahrani Abdullah Alsrhani Afnan Alsultan Bandar Idrees Fares Rayzah Yaser Bakhsh Ahmed M. Alzahrani Suresh K. Subbiah Pooi Ling Mok <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells Plants <i>Syzygium cumini</i> titanium oxide nanomedicine liver cancer apoptosis |
| title | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| title_full | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| title_short | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | i syzygium cumini i l extract derived green titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce caspase dependent apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells |
| topic | <i>Syzygium cumini</i> titanium oxide nanomedicine liver cancer apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3174 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT musaedrayzah isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT abozeryelderdery isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT nasseranalzerwi isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT badralzahrani isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT abdullahalsrhani isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT afnanalsultan isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT bandaridrees isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT faresrayzah isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT yaserbakhsh isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT ahmedmalzahrani isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT sureshksubbiah isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells AT pooilingmok isyzygiumcuminiilextractderivedgreentitaniumdioxidenanoparticlesinducecaspasedependentapoptosisinhepaticcancercells |