Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Influenza infection can lead to mortality and morbidity. In densely populated Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) is high. This study assessed the prevalence and epidemiology of influenza in the target population. Methods: A cross-sectional conveni...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Indonesia
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Makara Journal of Health Research |
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| Online Access: | https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjhr/vol27/iss3/10/ |
| _version_ | 1797271201794490368 |
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| author | Kiran Ganesh Balakrishnan Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Mohd Kamarul Imran Musa Azizul Rahman Mohamad Jamil Norhaslira Abdul Rahim Umi Kalsom Satariah Ali Rahman Jamal |
| author_facet | Kiran Ganesh Balakrishnan Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Mohd Kamarul Imran Musa Azizul Rahman Mohamad Jamil Norhaslira Abdul Rahim Umi Kalsom Satariah Ali Rahman Jamal |
| author_sort | Kiran Ganesh Balakrishnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Influenza infection can lead to mortality and morbidity. In densely populated Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) is high. This study assessed the prevalence and epidemiology of influenza in the target population.
Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample study was conducted in government clinics of Cheras, Malaysia, from November 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Consent was sought from patients older than 18 years with symptoms of ILI (fever, cough, and onset within 10 days). A nasopharyngeal swab preceded an influenza rapid test. Logistic regression was used in SPSS 22.0 to evaluate the data.
Results: Among 438 patients, 55 (12.6%) tested positive for influenza type B, 9 (2%) tested positive for type A, and 374 (85.4%) were negative. Patients in the group that was 10 years older than the younger group had 1.47 times the odds of having influenza. The odds of positive influenza rose 1.133 times per unit of body mass index (BMI). Patients with chronic lung illness were 6.7 times (95% confidence interval, 2.742–16.287) more likely to test positive for influenza. Sex and smoking history did not affect the rate of influenza infection (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: An association was found between age, BMI, and chronic lung disease with influenza infection but not with sex or smoking. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T13:58:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aeb821cbef5d478fa4a629c31313c149 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2356-3664 2356-3656 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T13:58:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Indonesia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Makara Journal of Health Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-aeb821cbef5d478fa4a629c31313c1492024-03-07T06:50:10ZengUniversitas IndonesiaMakara Journal of Health Research2356-36642356-36562023-12-0127322122610.7454/msk.v27i3.1540Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional StudyKiran Ganesh Balakrishnan0Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf1Mohd Rohaizat Hassan2Mohd Kamarul Imran Musa3Azizul Rahman Mohamad Jamil4Norhaslira Abdul Rahim5Umi Kalsom Satariah Ali6Rahman Jamal7Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 15200, MalaysiaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaKlinik Kesihatan Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaMedical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaBackground: Influenza infection can lead to mortality and morbidity. In densely populated Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) is high. This study assessed the prevalence and epidemiology of influenza in the target population. Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample study was conducted in government clinics of Cheras, Malaysia, from November 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Consent was sought from patients older than 18 years with symptoms of ILI (fever, cough, and onset within 10 days). A nasopharyngeal swab preceded an influenza rapid test. Logistic regression was used in SPSS 22.0 to evaluate the data. Results: Among 438 patients, 55 (12.6%) tested positive for influenza type B, 9 (2%) tested positive for type A, and 374 (85.4%) were negative. Patients in the group that was 10 years older than the younger group had 1.47 times the odds of having influenza. The odds of positive influenza rose 1.133 times per unit of body mass index (BMI). Patients with chronic lung illness were 6.7 times (95% confidence interval, 2.742–16.287) more likely to test positive for influenza. Sex and smoking history did not affect the rate of influenza infection (p > 0.05). Conclusions: An association was found between age, BMI, and chronic lung disease with influenza infection but not with sex or smoking.https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjhr/vol27/iss3/10/influenzaprevalencepublic healthrespiratory infection |
| spellingShingle | Kiran Ganesh Balakrishnan Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Mohd Kamarul Imran Musa Azizul Rahman Mohamad Jamil Norhaslira Abdul Rahim Umi Kalsom Satariah Ali Rahman Jamal Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Makara Journal of Health Research influenza prevalence public health respiratory infection |
| title | Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Influenza Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | influenza prevalence and risk factors a population based cross sectional study |
| topic | influenza prevalence public health respiratory infection |
| url | https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjhr/vol27/iss3/10/ |
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