A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Ur...

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Main Authors: Francis Olawale Abulude, Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide, Akinyinka Akinnusotu, Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo, Ademola Adamu, Amoke Monisola Kenni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Pollutants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/4/1/6
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author Francis Olawale Abulude
Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide
Akinyinka Akinnusotu
Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo
Ademola Adamu
Amoke Monisola Kenni
author_facet Francis Olawale Abulude
Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide
Akinyinka Akinnusotu
Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo
Ademola Adamu
Amoke Monisola Kenni
author_sort Francis Olawale Abulude
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Urban), Iju (semi-urban), Oba-Ile (semi-urban), and Owode (Rural) within Akure local government areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the toxicity potential of these PM fractions, providing valuable insights into the local air quality and associated health risks. This study assesses the health implications by calculating the toxicity potential (TP), relative risk (RR), excess risk (ER), and attributable fractions (Afs) for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. The results reveal varying RR values for all-cause mortality, with Arakale showing a slight elevation (RR: 1.061), indicating potential health risks. ER values for cardiopulmonary mortality range from 14.728 ± 7.25 to 19.04 ± 0.38, emphasizing the substantial excess risk associated with long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. The study also uncovers Afs for cardiopulmonary mortality ranging between 11.03 ± 0.31 and 19.22 ± 0.04, underscoring the significant contribution of PM to cardiovascular and respiratory health risks. Similarly, Afs for lung cancer mortality range from 10.03 ± 0.012 to 17.13 ± 0.10, highlighting the substantial association between PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and lung cancer risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions in the studied locations to mitigate the heightened health risks associated with particulate matter pollution. The calculated RR, ER, and AF values offer crucial insights into the complex relationship between PM exposure and adverse health outcomes, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and future research endeavors.
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spelling doaj.art-aebf1909ea214d3ab615ad86640b9aae2024-03-27T14:01:07ZengMDPI AGPollutants2673-46722024-02-0141729010.3390/pollutants4010006A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, NigeriaFrancis Olawale Abulude0Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide1Akinyinka Akinnusotu2Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo3Ademola Adamu4Amoke Monisola Kenni5Environmental and Sustainable Research Group, Science and Education Development Institute, Akure 340106, Ondo State, NigeriaDepartment of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, Ilaro 112106, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo 341106, Ondo State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti 361101, Ekiti State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti 361101, Ekiti State, NigeriaDepartment of Science Education, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science, and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti 361101, Ekiti State, NigeriaThis study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Urban), Iju (semi-urban), Oba-Ile (semi-urban), and Owode (Rural) within Akure local government areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the toxicity potential of these PM fractions, providing valuable insights into the local air quality and associated health risks. This study assesses the health implications by calculating the toxicity potential (TP), relative risk (RR), excess risk (ER), and attributable fractions (Afs) for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. The results reveal varying RR values for all-cause mortality, with Arakale showing a slight elevation (RR: 1.061), indicating potential health risks. ER values for cardiopulmonary mortality range from 14.728 ± 7.25 to 19.04 ± 0.38, emphasizing the substantial excess risk associated with long-term PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. The study also uncovers Afs for cardiopulmonary mortality ranging between 11.03 ± 0.31 and 19.22 ± 0.04, underscoring the significant contribution of PM to cardiovascular and respiratory health risks. Similarly, Afs for lung cancer mortality range from 10.03 ± 0.012 to 17.13 ± 0.10, highlighting the substantial association between PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and lung cancer risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions in the studied locations to mitigate the heightened health risks associated with particulate matter pollution. The calculated RR, ER, and AF values offer crucial insights into the complex relationship between PM exposure and adverse health outcomes, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and future research endeavors.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/4/1/6particulate matterair qualitytoxicity potentialpollution sourceshealth risks and regulatory measures
spellingShingle Francis Olawale Abulude
Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide
Akinyinka Akinnusotu
Kikelomo Mabinuola Arifalo
Ademola Adamu
Amoke Monisola Kenni
A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
Pollutants
particulate matter
air quality
toxicity potential
pollution sources
health risks and regulatory measures
title A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
title_full A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
title_short A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
title_sort comprehensive analysis of risk assessment of particulate matter in five health centers in akure nigeria
topic particulate matter
air quality
toxicity potential
pollution sources
health risks and regulatory measures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/4/1/6
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