Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports
Aim: The etiologies, presentation, and management of downhill varices in the era of modern medicine are relatively under-explored and mostly limited to case reports or case series. Methods: Published case reports/series of patients ≥ 18 years old with proven/probable downhill esophageal varices w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/em/Article/100196 |
| _version_ | 1798038933510029312 |
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| author | Hassam Ali Rahul Pamarthy Nicole Leigh Bolick Eslam Ali Swathi Paleti Devika Kapuria |
| author_facet | Hassam Ali Rahul Pamarthy Nicole Leigh Bolick Eslam Ali Swathi Paleti Devika Kapuria |
| author_sort | Hassam Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim:
The etiologies, presentation, and management of downhill varices in the era of modern medicine are relatively under-explored and mostly limited to case reports or case series.
Methods:
Published case reports/series of patients ≥ 18 years old with proven/probable downhill esophageal varices were searched on Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE for all published cases up to January 2021.
Results:
The mean age was 50.9 (standard deviation ± 17.6) years old for all downhill variceal cases. End-stage renal disease was the most common comorbidity (43.9%), followed by thyroid disease (12.2%), Behçet’s disease (9.8%), and pulmonary hypertension (7.3%). Dialysis catheters, central venous grafts, or additional catheters were additional risk factors (51.2%). Variceal bleeding presenting as hematemesis, melena, or both was the most common presenting symptom (80.5%).
Conclusions:
Dialysis catheter-associated superior vena cava obstruction resulted in an increased risk of downhill varices. Other causes include thyroid malignancies, pulmonary hypertension, and Behçet’s disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aec338448f34443887de4138400ae336 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-3106 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration Publishing Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-aec338448f34443887de4138400ae3362022-12-22T04:01:23ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Medicine2692-31062022-08-013431733010.37349/emed.2022.00096Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reportsHassam Ali0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-9197Rahul Pamarthy1Nicole Leigh Bolick2Eslam Ali3Swathi Paleti4Devika Kapuria5Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USADepartment of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USADepartment of Gastroenterology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USADepartment of Gastroenterology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USADepartment of Gastroenterology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAAim: The etiologies, presentation, and management of downhill varices in the era of modern medicine are relatively under-explored and mostly limited to case reports or case series. Methods: Published case reports/series of patients ≥ 18 years old with proven/probable downhill esophageal varices were searched on Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE for all published cases up to January 2021. Results: The mean age was 50.9 (standard deviation ± 17.6) years old for all downhill variceal cases. End-stage renal disease was the most common comorbidity (43.9%), followed by thyroid disease (12.2%), Behçet’s disease (9.8%), and pulmonary hypertension (7.3%). Dialysis catheters, central venous grafts, or additional catheters were additional risk factors (51.2%). Variceal bleeding presenting as hematemesis, melena, or both was the most common presenting symptom (80.5%). Conclusions: Dialysis catheter-associated superior vena cava obstruction resulted in an increased risk of downhill varices. Other causes include thyroid malignancies, pulmonary hypertension, and Behçet’s disease. https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/em/Article/100196downhill varicessystematic reviewesophageal varicesprevalence |
| spellingShingle | Hassam Ali Rahul Pamarthy Nicole Leigh Bolick Eslam Ali Swathi Paleti Devika Kapuria Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports Exploration of Medicine downhill varices systematic review esophageal varices prevalence |
| title | Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports |
| title_full | Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports |
| title_fullStr | Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports |
| title_full_unstemmed | Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports |
| title_short | Downhill esophageal varices: a systematic review of the case reports |
| title_sort | downhill esophageal varices a systematic review of the case reports |
| topic | downhill varices systematic review esophageal varices prevalence |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/em/Article/100196 |
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